than用法的七个关键要点
than用法的七个关键要点
1. 在通常情况下,后接人称代词时可用主格也可用宾格,含义一样。如:
He is taller than I [me]. 他比我高。
He swims faster than she [her]. 他比她游泳游得快。
若人称代词之后跟有动词,则只能用主格。如:
He is taller than I am. 他比我高。
He swims faster than she does. 他比她游泳游得快。
有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较:
I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜欢你。
I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。
2. 通常不与由 and 连接的两个比较级连用。如:
误:It’s colder and colder than ever
误:Computers are cheaper and cheaper than before.
误:She is more and more interested in English than last year.
改正的办法:要么去掉后面的than结构,要么将and与一个比较级。如说成:It is colder than ever. 或 It is colder and colder. 等。
3. than 通常用于两个不同的人或物在同一方面进行比较,但有时指的可能是同一个人或物在同两个不同的方面进行比较。如:
He’s more fat than (he’s) short. 与其说他矮不如说他胖。
They are more brave than wise. 他们有勇无谋。
此类结构只能用 more 构成比较级,不能用-er 形式,即使是单音节也是如此。
4. than any other后接名词时通常用单数形式,很少用复数。如:
He swims faster than any other student in his class. 他比班上的其他任何学生都游得快。
5. 当连接两个非谓语动词时,通常应保持用前后一致的形式。如:
他认为他自己开车比让我开车要更安全些。
正:He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.
正:He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive.
若不是连接两个非谓语动词,但其后出现有动词,则该动词通常用动名词(虽然也可用不定式,但不如用动名词普通)。如:
I cleaned my shoes, which was better than doing nothing. 我把鞋子擦干净了,这比闲着什么都不干要好。
Nothing is more unpleasant than finding [to find] insects in your bath. 最使人不快的是在浴室里发现有虫子。
5. 类似以下这类句子,可以认为 than就是这类句子主语,也可认为than后省略了what:
He never says more than is necessary. 没有必要的话,他从不多说。
There were more deaths than was first supposed. 死亡人数比最先预料的要多。
有时这类句子的省略可以多种形式,且有时其主语可补充完整。如:
他比预料的要来得早。
正:He came earlier than expected.
正:He came earlier than was expected.
正:He came earlier than he was expected.
6. 带有never (a) 的比较级结构后连用了than时,是一种强调说法,通常表示最高级的含义。如:
I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。
若意思明确,有时可省略than结构。如:
He is fine, never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。
I’ve never found a better job. 这是我找到的最好的工作。
7. 若语义需要,有时可后接when, if等引导的从句。如:
You are a little fatter than when I saw you last. 你比我上次见你时胖点了。
They work better together than if they are alone. 他们一起干比他们单干效果要好。
有时还可接没有任何引导词的句子。如:
The game was closer than the score suggests. 实际的比赛与所得的分数相比更难分高下。
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