使用独立主格结构的几点注意

The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。

比较动名词复合结构：

The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.

5. 独立主格的时态问题

独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：

The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。

Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。