七种特殊情况下的主谓一致问题

七种特殊情况下的主谓一致问题

一、涉及“主语+介词短语”的主谓一致问题

当主语后面带有with, together with, but, like, except, including等介词短语时，谓语与介词短语前的主语保持一致。如：

No one but me knows him here. 除了我这里没有一个人认识他。

My son together with some friends is leaving for Shanghai tonight. 我儿子和几个朋友今晚要去上海。

At least 20 passengers, including a driver were injured in the accident. 至少二十名乘客在事故中受伤，包括一名司机。

二、非谓语动词和从句作主语

不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：

To know something about English is one thing；to know English is quite another. 懂点英语是一回事，掌握英语完全是另一回事。

Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动。

What you need is a good rest. 你需要的是好好休息。

三、指同一人或事物的并列结构作主语

指同一人或事物的A and B 结构(如knife and forks刀叉, bread and buttet黄油面包, a teacher and writer老师兼作家，fish and chips鱼和炸土豆片)作主语时，谓语通常要用单数。如：

A worker and writer was present at the meeting. 一位工人作家出席了会议。

Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain. 鱼和炸土豆片在英国是很受欢迎的膳食。

四、one or two…与one / a…or two作主语

“one or two +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“a / one +单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：

Only one or two students were late today. 今天只有一两个同学迟到。

One student or two was late today. 今天只有一两个同学迟到。

五、四则运算中的主谓一致

在四则运算中，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

Three times six is eighteen. 三乘六得十八。

Three and five equals eight. 三加五等于八。

六、定语从句的关系代词作主语

定语从句的关系代词作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词一致。注意：“one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，从句谓语用复数，但若one前有the (only)时，从句谓语动词用单数。如：

Tom is one of the students who were late this morning. 汤姆是今天早上迟到的那些学生中的一个。

Tom is the only one of the students who was late this morning. 在这些学生中汤姆是今天早上唯一迟到的人。

七、强调结构中的主谓一致

在强调结构（it is…that…）中，若强调的是主语，that后面的谓语动词与被强调部分一致。例如：

It is I that am his English teacher. 我就是他的英语老师。