历年GRE考试真题答案及解析(七)

34. DISSONANCE::
(A) euphony
不和谐(的音调)
悦耳的语音
[词义]
dissonance n. 不和谐(的音调)
1 a : lack of agreement;  especially   : inconsistency between the beliefs one holds or between one's actions and one's beliefs —  compare COGNITIVE DISSONANCE  b : an instance of such inconsistency or disagreement
2 : a mingling of discordant sounds;  especially   : a clashing or unresolved musical interval or chord
euphony n. 悦耳的语音
1 : pleasing or sweet sound;  especially   : the acoustic effect produced by words so formed or combined as to please the ear
2 : a harmonious succession of words having a pleasing sound

35. DISSIPATE::
(A) arrange
(B) conserve
驱散
排列;安排
保存
[词义]
dissipate v. (使)驱散; 浪费
transitive verb  
1 a : to break up and drive off (as a crowd)  b : to cause to spread thin or scatter and gradually vanish  *one's sympathy is eventually dissipated — Andrew Feinberg*  c : to lose (as heat or electricity) irrecoverably
2 : to spend or use up wastefully or foolishly  *dissipated the family fortune in reckless business ventures*
intransitive verb  
1 : to break up and scatter or vanish  *the clouds soon dissipated*  *the team's early momentum has dissipated*
2 : to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure;  especially   : to drink to excess
synonyms see SCATTER
conserve v. 保全, 保存
v.
1 : to keep in a safe or sound state  *he conserved his inheritance*;  especially   : to avoid wasteful or destructive use of  *conserve natural resources*
2 : to preserve with sugar
3 : to maintain (a quantity) constant during a process of chemical, physical, or evolutionary change  *conserved DNA sequences*
n.
1 : SWEETMEAT;  especially   : a candied fruit
2 : PRESERVE;  specifically   : one prepared from a mixture of fruits
[分析]
dissipate是使散开并消失，有一个递减的过程。Arrange在程度、数量上没有变化，只是顺序上的重新排列。Conserve是避免数量上的减少。
DISSIPATE <> gather <> amass <> accumulate

36. RETIRING::
(A) indulge
(B) assertive
(C) professional
(D) insensitive
(E) virulent
害羞的;隐居的
放纵
断定的;自信的
专业的;职业的
感觉迟钝的
剧毒的;恶毒的
[词义]
retiring adj. 隐居的, 不爱交际的; 害羞的
: RESERVED, SHY
reserved adj. 说话不多的
1 : restrained in words and actions
2 : kept or set apart or aside for future or special use
synonyms see SILENT
indulge v. 放纵
transitive verb  
1 a : to give free rein to  b : to take unrestrained pleasure in  : GRATIFY
2 a : to yield to the desire of  : HUMOR  *please indulge me for a moment*  b : to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration
intransitive verb   : to indulge oneself
synonyms INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE mean to show undue favor to a person's desires and feelings. INDULGE implies excessive compliance and weakness in gratifying another's or one's own desires  *indulged myself with food at the slightest excuse*. PAMPER implies inordinate gratification of desire for luxury and comfort with consequent enervating effect  *pampered by the amenities of modern living*. HUMOR stresses a yielding to a person's moods or whims  *humored him by letting him tell the story*. SPOIL stresses the injurious effects on character by indulging or pampering  *foolish parents spoil their children*. BABY suggests excessive care, attention, or solicitude  *babying students by grading too easily*. MOLLYCODDLE suggests an excessive degree of care and attention to another's health or welfare  *refused to mollycoddle her malingering son*.
assertive adj. 果断的, 断言的
1 : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion  *an assertive leader*
2 : having a strong or distinctive flavor or aroma  *assertive wines*
synonyms see AGGRESSIVE
[分析]
retiring是一种沉默拘束的状态，而assertive在言行上与之相反，坚定而有进取心。Indulge是对个人欲望的过度放纵。

37. GAINFUL::
(A) unoccupied
(B) unremunerative
有利可图的
未占用的
无报酬的;无利可获的
[词义]
gainful adj. 有利可图的
: productive of gain  : PROFITABLE  *gainful employment*

38. DISAFFECTED::
(A) content
(B) beloved
不满的
满意的adj.
心爱的
[词义]
disaffected adj. (政治上)不满的, 叛离的
: discontented and resentful especially against authority  : REBELLIOUS  *disaffected youth*
content adj. 知足的, 满意的; n. 内容;满意
a.  : CONTENTED, SATISFIED  *was content with her life as it was*
v.
1 : to appease the desires of
2 : to limit (oneself) in requirements, desires, or actions
n.
1
: CONTENTMENT  *ate to his heart's content*
2
1 a : something contained —  usually used in plural  *the jar's contents*  *the drawer's contents*  b : the topics or matter treated in a written work  *table of contents*  c : the principal substance (as written matter, illustrations, or music) offered by a World Wide Web site  *Internet users have evolved an ethos of free content in the Internet — Ben Gerson*
2 a : SUBSTANCE, GIST  b : MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE  c : the events, physical detail, and information in a work of art —  compare FORM 10b
3 a : the matter dealt with in a field of study  b : a part, element, or complex of parts
4 : the amount of specified material contained  : PROPORTION
beloved adj. 心爱的
: dearly loved  : dear to the heart