奥巴马领诺贝尔奖 大谈战争必要性

US President Barack Obama evoked the cause of a just war yesterday, accepting his Nobel Peace Prize just nine days after sending 30,000 more US troops to war in Afghanistan but promising to use the prestigious prize to "reach for the world that ought to be".

Obama became the first sitting US president in 90 years and the third ever to win the prize - some say prematurely. He and his wife, Michelle, whirled through a day filled with Nobel pomp and ceremony in this Nordic capital(Oslo).

Obama delivered a Nobel acceptance speech that he saw as a treatise on war's use and prevention. He crafted much of the address himself and the scholarly remarks - at about 4,000 words - were nearly twice as long as his inaugural address.

"I face the world as it is," Obama said, refusing to renounce war for his nation or under his leadership, saying that he is obliged to protect and defend the United States.

"A nonviolent movement could not have halted Hitler's armies. Negotiations cannot convince al-Qaida's leaders to lay down their arms," Obama said. "To say that force is sometimes necessary is not a call to cynicism, it is a recognition of history."

The president laid out the circumstances where war is justified - in self-defense, to come to the aid of an invaded nation, or on humanitarian grounds, such as when civilians are slaughtered by their own government or a civil war threatens to engulf an entire region.

"The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it," he said.

He also spoke bluntly of the cost of war, saying of the Afghanistan buildup he just ordered that "some will kill, some will be killed".

"No matter how justified, war promises human tragedy," he said.

Obama was staying in Oslo only about 24 hours and skipping the traditional second day of festivities.

美国总统贝拉克．奥巴马昨日在领取诺贝尔奖时大谈正义之战的必要性，不过承诺将利用这一殊荣激励自己致力于世界持久和平。而就在九天前，奥巴马总统向阿富汗增派了三万军队。

奥巴马为近90年来首位获得诺贝尔和平奖的在任美国总统，也是美国历史上第三位获此殊荣的总统，不过有些人认为该奖对于他来说有些为时过早。奥巴马和夫人米歇尔前往挪威首都奥斯陆领奖的当天举办了一系列诺贝尔奖的颁奖典礼和庆祝活动。

在发表获奖感言时，奥巴马大谈战争的利用与防范。演讲稿的大部分内容由他亲自撰写，言辞颇具学术风范，长约四千字，为他就职演说长度的近两倍。

奥巴马说：“我直面我们所处的世界。”他拒绝为国家放弃战争，或至少在他任职期间不会放弃，他称自己有义务保卫美国。

奥巴马说：“非暴力运动不会让希特勒部队停止侵略，谈判也无法说服基地组织头目放下武器。我们说武力有时是必需的，这并非愤世嫉俗而是以史为鉴。”

奥巴马提出了正义战争所应符合的几个条件，例如自卫、援助受侵国或出于人道主义，比如平民遭到本国政府屠杀，或一国的内战有波及其所处整个地区的危险等。

他说：“仅仅有和平的愿望不足以实现和平。”

奥巴马还直言了战争的代价，称刚向阿富汗增派的部队“有些会英勇杀敌，有些则会战死沙场。”

他说：“不管一场战争有多么正义，它都是人类的悲剧。”

奥巴马仅在奥斯陆停留了24小时，没有参加第二天举行的传统庆祝活动

Vocabulary:

sitting：holding an official position or office; occupying an appointed or elected seat; incumbent（在位的，在任期中的）

pomp：stately or splendid display; splendor; magnificence（壮丽，盛况）

treatise：a formal and systematic exposition in writing of the principles of a subject, generally longer and more detailed than an essay（论文，著述）

cynicism：犬儒主义，玩世不恭

come to sb's aid:援助某人

buildup：the act or process of amassing or increasing（增加；增强)