中国与非洲2013经贸合作白皮书

今后，中国将在平等互利、共同发展的原则下，全面推进中非农业领域合作。建立和完善中非农业合作机制，加强中非双方在农业技术、品种资源、农业信息、农产品加工与贸易、农业基础设施建设，以及人力资源培训等领域的合作。深化企业间合作，鼓励和支持中国有实力的企业到非洲国家进行农业领域的投资与技术合作。根据非洲国家的实际情况，安排实施适当数量的农业技术示范中心项目。深化在联合国粮农组织、国际农业发展基金会框架下的合作。
In the future, China will advance agricultural cooperation with Africa in all respects while ensuring that this cooperation puts both parties on an equal footing, is mutually beneficial, and advances common development. It will work to establish and improve a mechanism for bilateral agricultural cooperation, and strengthen Sino-African cooperation in the sharing of agricultural technologies, resource varieties and agricultural information, the processing and trade of agricultural products, agricultural infrastructure construction, and human resource training. China will continue to encourage and support investment by established Chinese enterprises to put money into agriculture or technological cooperation in Africa. It will arrange and launch an appropriate number of agricultural demonstration centers in African countries, depending on their actual needs. China will also work to deepen Sino-African cooperation within the frameworks of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UNFAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.

四、支持非洲基础设施建设
IV. Supporting African Infrastructure Construction

基础设施建设是改善非洲投资环境和民生条件的根本支撑，对非洲减贫和发展至关重要。中国政府鼓励企业和金融机构以多种方式参与非洲交通、通讯、电力等基础设施项目建设。2012年，中国企业在非洲完成承包工程营业额408.3亿美元，比2009年增长了45％，占中国对外承包工程完成营业总额的35.02％。非洲已连续四年成为中国第二大海外工程承包市场。来自中国的资金、设备和技术有效降低了非洲国家建设成本，使非洲基础设施落后的面貌逐步得以改善。
Infrastructure construction is a starting point for improving the investment environment and people’s livelihoods in Africa, and is of great importance for poverty reduction and development on the continent. The Chinese government encourages enterprises and financial institutions to participate in African infrastructure construction, including transportation, communications and electric power projects, in a variety of different ways. In 2012, Chinese enterprises completed construction contracts worth US$40.83 billion in Africa, an increase of 45% over 2009, accounting for 35.02% of China’s overseas contract work completed. Africa has been China’s second largest overseas contract market for four successive years. Capital, equipment and technologies from China have effectively helped reduce construction costs for African countries and, as a result, their infrastructure situations have gradually improved.

中国企业在非洲建成了大量市政道路、高速公路、立交桥、铁路和港口项目，有效改善了非洲国家的通行状况，促进了非洲国家内部和国家间的经贸发展和人员往来。在安哥拉，由中国企业承建的铁路修复工程，横穿安哥拉东西部。
Chinese enterprises have built numerous city roads, expressways, flyovers, railways and ports in Africa, effectively improving traffic conditions there and enhancing economic and trade development and personnel exchanges between African countries. In Angola, Chinese enterprises undertook the contract for a project that involved repairing a railway running from east to west through the country.

中国通讯企业在非洲参与了光纤传输骨干网、固定电话、移动通讯、互联网等通信设施建设，扩大了非洲国家电信网络的覆盖范围，提升了通讯服务质量，降低了通讯资费。中国企业在坦桑尼亚承建的光缆骨干传输网，除覆盖坦桑尼亚境内主要省市外，还连接周边六国及东非和南非海底光缆，建成后将形成坦桑尼亚境内北部、南部和西部三个骨干环路和八条国际过境链路，提升整个东非地区的通讯一体化水平。
Chinese communication enterprises have participated in the construction of communication facilities in Africa, such as backbone fiber-optic transmission networks, fixed-line telephone lines, mobile communication and Internet facilities, expanding the coverage of Africa’s telecommunication network, raising the network’s performance quality and reducing communication costs. A contract to build a fiber-optic transmission backbone network in Tanzania was also taken on by Chinese enterprises. The network will cover major provinces and cities in Tanzania, link it with six neighboring countries and connect it to seabed optical cables in East and Southern Africa. After the network is completed, there will be three backbone loops, one each in northern, southern and western Tanzania, and eight international transit links, making communications of East Africa more integrated.

中国与非洲国家在水电站建设、电网铺设等方面合作密切，缓解了非洲部分国家长期存在的电力危机。2010年，中国企业在赤道几内亚承建的马拉博燃气电厂项目开工，建成后将形成发电—输电—变电完整供电系统，从根本上改善马拉博市及毕奥科岛的电力供应状况，并对周边地区农业灌溉、生态旅游具有较大促进作用。
China has also worked closely with African countries in building hydropower stations and power grids, alleviating power crises that have long plagued some African countries. In 2010, Chinese enterprises started to build the Malabo Gas Plant in Equatorial Guinea. After the plant is completed, the country will have a complete power supply system, from power generation to power transmission and power transformation. This will improve the power supply conditions of Malabo City and Bioko Island while promoting agricultural irrigation and ecological tourism in surrounding areas.
　

中国政府和金融机构为非洲基础设施建设提供了大量优惠性质贷款和商业贷款。2010—2012年5月，中国对非优惠性质贷款项下累计批贷92个项目，批贷金额达113亿美元。埃塞俄比亚亚的斯—阿达玛高速公路、喀麦隆克里比深水港等项目均由中国的优惠贷款支持建设。中国大型商业银行也在非洲开展了多项买方信贷，支持了加纳电网、埃塞俄比亚水电站、阿尔及利亚东西高速公路等项目。
The Chinese government and Chinese financial institutions have offered a great number of concessional and commercial loans to Africa for its infrastructure construction. From 2010 to May 2012, China approved concessional loans worth a total of US$11.3 billion for 92 African projects. For example, the Addis Ababa-Adama Expressway of Ethiopia and the Kribi Deep-water Port of Cameroon were both funded by concessional loans from China. Some of China’s main commercial banks have also started buyer’s credit businesses in Africa, supporting the power grid in Ghana, hydropower stations in Ethiopia, a west-east expressway in Algeria, and other projects.
　

中国企业在非洲建设基础设施的过程中，注重属地化经营和管理，积极参与公益事业。如，中国在非的大型通讯企业的本地化率已超过65％，并与1200个当地分包商合作，为当地间接增加超过1万个就业岗位；中国企业在赞比亚为当地翻修道路和矿山医院房舍，捐赠社区体育设施并积极响应慈善募捐活动，为当地社会发展作出积极贡献。
While undertaking infrastructure projects in Africa, Chinese enterprises have paid attention to localized operation and management styles, and taken an active part in programs benefiting local people. For example, large Chinese communication companies in Africa have raised their localization rate to above 65%. They have also cooperated with 1,200 local subcontractors, indirectly providing more than 10,000 job opportunities. In Zambia, Chinese enterprises have repaired roads, hospitals and houses of some mines, and donated sports facilities for communities and money for charity activities, making positive contributions to local development.

基础设施建设对促进非洲经济和社会发展意义重大。中国将继续深化中非双方在交通、通讯、民生等基础设施建设领域合作，不断推进“非洲跨国跨区域基础设施建设合作伙伴关系”，密切双方在区域一体化领域的交流合作，帮助非洲提高整体发展能力。
Infrastructure construction is a significant part of Africa’s further economic and social development. China will deepen cooperation with Africa in transportation, communications and other infrastructure fields to improve people’s livelihoods, steadily push forward Sino-African trans-national and trans-regional infrastructure construction partnerships, and enhance exchanges and cooperation in the field of regional integration so as to help Africa improve its capacity for integrated development.
　

五、注重非洲民生与能力发展
V. Stressing African People’s Livelihoods and Capacity Building

非洲经济近年来保持较快增长，但发展问题依然严峻，实现联合国千年发展目标的任务艰巨。中国在谋求自身发展的同时，始终向非洲发展提供力所能及的、不附加任何政治条件的帮助，并使发展成果更多惠及非洲百姓。近几年来，中国认真落实中非合作论坛历届部长会议提出的各项举措，在公共福利设施、医疗卫生、气候变化与环境保护，以及人道主义援助等领域积极开展对非合作，加强双方人文交流和科技合作，努力提升非洲自主发展的能力。
Africa has sustained rapid economic growth in recent years, but it still faces severe development problems and the difficult task of accomplishing the UN Millennium Development Goals. While seeking to advance its own development, China tries to offer what assistance it can to Africa without setting any political conditions, and to benefit African people through developmental advances. In recent years, China has implemented measures adopted at the FOCAC ministerial conferences, actively developed cooperation with Africa in areas relating to public amenities, medical and health care, climate change and environmental protection, humanitarian aid, and other fields. China has also strengthened cultural and educational exchanges and scientific and technological cooperation in an effort to improve Africa’s ability to develop independently.
　

帮助发展公共福利设施。中国在非洲援建打井供水、经济住房、广播电信、文教场所等各类公共福利设施，改善当地人民的生产生活条件。2009年以来，中国在苏丹、马拉维、津巴布韦、吉布提、几内亚和多哥等国实施的数十个打井供水项目，为缓解当地人民吃水难问题发挥了积极作用。援建的南苏丹活动板房、贝宁校舍、马拉维农村学校等项目，对改善当地的居住和教育环境具有重要的现实意义。援建的中非博阿利3号水电站是迄今为止中国在中非援建的最大项目，建成后将大为缓解班吉等地的用电紧张状况。
Helping build public amenities. China has offered assistance to Africa in digging wells for water supplies, and in building affordable housing, broadcasting and telecommunications facilities, and cultural and educational sites in an effort to improve the productive and living conditions of local people. Since 2009, China has carried out dozens of well-digging projects in the Sudan, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Djibouti, Guinea and Togo, playing a positive role in easing water problems for local people. It has also provided support for the building of portable dwellings in South Sudan, school houses in Benin, and rural schools in Malawi, and in doing so, improved local living conditions and educational facilities. China’s largest aid project in the Central African Republic is the construction of the Boali No.3 Hydropower Station, which, after it is completed, will greatly relieve electricity shortages in Bangui and surrounding areas.
　

提升医疗卫生合作水平。2010—2012年，中国在加纳、津巴布韦等国援建竣工27所医院。中国在42个非洲国家和地区派驻有43支医疗队，累计诊治患者557万余名。近年来，除援建医院、捐赠药品、进行医护培训等传统方式外，中国还通过开展治疗白内障患者的“光明行”活动、提供移动医院、建立双边眼科合作中心，以及援建新型诊疗技术示范与培训中心等，进一步提升中非医疗合作水平。
Advancing cooperation in medical and health care. From 2010 to 2012, China helped build 27 hospitals in Ghana, Zimbabwe and other African countries. China has also sent 43 medical teams to 42 African countries and regions, treating over 5.57 million patients. In recent years, in addition to building hospitals, donating drugs and organizing medical training programs, China has also launched an initiative, "Brightness Action," to treat cataract patients, provided mobile hospitals, built bilaterally-run eye centers, and helped build demonstration and training centers for diagnosis and treatment technologies, effectively advancing Sino-African cooperation in medical and health care.
　

开展应对气候变化领域合作。生态环境保护和应对气候变化是全球发展面临的共同课题，非洲在这一领域尤其需要国际社会的帮助。中国高度重视与非洲国家在气候变化领域的合作。2009年11月以来，中国在非洲国家共实施了百余个清洁能源项目，包括与突尼斯、几内亚、苏丹等国开展的沼气技术合作，为喀麦隆、布隆迪、几内亚等国援建的水力发电设施，与摩洛哥、埃塞俄比亚、南非等国开展的太阳能和风能发电合作，向尼日利亚、贝宁、马达加斯加等赠送节能灯、节能空调等应对气候变化的物资等，提高了非洲国家适应气候变化的能力。
Working together to address climate change. Environmental protection and climate change are two developmental topics that the world must face, and Africa needs special assistance from the international community in these areas. China pays a great deal of attention to its cooperation with African countries in the field of climate change. Since November 2009, China has carried out more than 100 clean energy projects in African countries, including biogas technology cooperation with Tunisia, Guinea and the Sudan, hydropower generating facilities in Cameroon, Burundi and Guinea, and solar and wind power generation in Morocco, Ethiopia and South Africa. China has also donated energy-efficient lamps, air conditioners and other materials in response to climate change to Nigeria, Benin and Madagascar. All of these measures have greatly raised the ability of African countries to respond to climate change.
　

提供紧急人道主义援助。中国一贯本着人道主义精神，向遭受政治动荡和自然灾害的非洲国家及时提供力所能及的物资或现汇紧急援助。2011年，中国向突尼斯、埃及两国政府提供共计5000万元人民币的紧急人道主义援助，以缓解两国与利比亚边境地区滞留难民带来的人道主义危机。在2011年非洲之角遭遇60年罕见饥荒之时，中国向有关非洲国家提供紧急粮援和现汇，总额超过4亿元人民币，成为新中国成立以来中国政府对外提供的最大一笔粮食援助。2012年，中国向萨赫勒地区有关国家提供了粮食援助。
Offering emergency humanitarian aid. In keeping with humanitarian values, China always offers what materials or cash it is able to give for emergency aid to African countries that suffer from political disorder or have experienced natural disasters. In 2011, China provided 50 million yuan in emergency aid to Tunisia and Egypt to ease the humanitarian crisis caused by refugees stranded in the areas bordering Libya. When a famine worst in 60 years broke out in the Horn of Africa in the same year, China provided the affected countries with emergency aid in the form of grain and cash. In total, this aid was worth more than 400 million yuan, the biggest amount of food aid that the Chinese government has provided since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. In 2012, China granted food aid to affected countries in the Sahel region of Africa.

支持人文交流。人文交流是中非新型战略伙伴关系的重要支柱。中国致力于通过支持非洲青年来华留学、派遣青年志愿者、开展联合研究等方式，增进中非人民之间的相互了解和认知，不断巩固中非友好的社会基础。2010—2012年，中方向非洲国家提供各类政府奖学金名额共计18743个。截至2012年底，中国已向埃塞俄比亚、津巴布韦等16个非洲国家派遣408名青年志愿者。20对中非知名高校在“中非高校20＋20合作计划”框架下结为“一对一”合作关系。“中非联合研究交流计划”自2010年3月启动以来，已支持中非学者开展研讨会、课题研究、学术交流、著作出版等各类项目64个，资助中非学者600多人次访问交流。
Supporting cultural and educational exchanges. Cultural and educational exchanges make up an important part of the new type of strategic partnership between China and Africa. By supporting young Africans studying in China, sending young Chinese volunteers to Africa and developing joint research initiatives, China tries to promote mutual understanding between China and African countries and strengthen the social foundation of their friendship. From 2010 to 2012, China granted 18,743 government scholarships to students from African countries. By the end of 2012, China had sent 408 young volunteers to 16 African countries, including Ethiopia and Zimbabwe. Twenty pairs of leading Chinese and African universities have begun cooperating under the 20+20 Cooperation Plan for Chinese and African Universities. From the launch of China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Plan in March 2010 to the end of 2012, it had supported 64 projects in the form of workshops, subject research, academic exchanges, and publishing works. The project had also subsidized visits and exchanges for over 600 Chinese and African scholars.