中国与非洲2013经贸合作白皮书

开展人力资源培训。人力资源培训是能力建设的重要内容。2010—2012年，中国为非洲54个国家和地区举办了各类培训班和研修班，培训官员、技术人员等共计27318人次，涉及经济、外交、能源、工业、农林牧渔、医疗卫生、检验检疫、应对气候变化和安全等领域。此外，中国还通过援非医疗队、农业专家，以及在非中资企业等多种渠道培训所在国人员，提高当地人员的技术水平。
Holding human resource training programs. Human resource training is an important part of capacity building. From 2010 to 2012, China held various training courses for 54 countries and regions in Africa; the courses involved a total of 27,318 officials and technicians, and covered topics relating to economics, foreign affairs, energy, industry, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing, medicine and health care, inspection and quarantine, climate change, security, and some other fields. In addition, Chinese medical teams, agricultural experts and enterprises located in Africa have also trained local people in an effort to enhance local technological capabilities.

提高中非科技合作水平。2009年，中国启动了旨在推动对非技术转让、中非科研人员交流、扩大共享科技成果的“中非科技伙伴计划”。截至2012年底，中国已在非洲国家合作开展腰果病虫害防治技术、资源卫星数据地面接收站等115个联合研究与技术示范项目；接收了66位非洲科研人员来华开展博士后研究；向24位完成合作研究任务后归国的非洲科研人员每人捐赠15万元人民币的科研设备。2011年12月，中国政府启动“非洲民生科技行动”，加强和支持民生科技领域的中非合作，并宣布向中非合作论坛所有非方成员国各援建一所“全科模块化箱房诊所”和“消化医疗科技合作示范中心”。
Upgrading China-Africa cooperation in science and technology. In 2009, China launched the China-Africa Science and Technology Partnership Plan. This plan aims to promote technology transfer to Africa and research exchanges, as well as the sharing of more scientific and technological achievements. By the end of 2012, China had cooperated with African countries on 115 joint research and technology demonstration projects, including projects relating to cashew pest control technology and resources satellite receiving stations. China also gave 66 African researchers the chance to do post-doctoral research in China and donated 150,000 yuan worth of research equipment to each of the 24 researchers who had returned to their home countries to work upon completing their joint research tasks in China. In December 2011, the Chinese government launched the Science and Technology Action for African People’s Livelihood, strengthening its cooperation with Africa through scientific and technological means. It also declared that it would help build a "mobile and modular general clinic" and a "demonstration center for scientific and technological cooperation in gastroenterology" to each African FOCAC member country.

减免债务。2010—2012年，中国共免除马里、赤道几内亚、喀麦隆、贝宁、多哥、科特迪瓦等国16笔债务，进一步减轻了非洲国家的债务负担。
Reducing African debt. From 2010 to 2012, China canceled 16 debts owed by Mali, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Benin, Togo, Cote d’Ivoire and other countries, greatly reducing the debts of African countries.

六、促进多边框架下的合作
VI. Promoting Cooperation under the Multilateral Framework

近年来，非洲大陆联合自强的步伐不断加快，经济一体化取得实质性进展。中国坚定支持非洲走联合自强之路，大力推动与非盟及非洲次区域组织在基础设施、能力建设、机制建设等方面的合作。与此同时，中国还与部分国际多边组织和国家合作，发挥各自优势，为帮助非洲国家减贫、振兴经济和促进社会进步作出贡献。
In recent years, African countries have made intensified efforts to gain strength through unity and they have made substantial progress in terms of economic integration. China firmly supports Africa’s self-enhancement through unity, and works hard to strengthen cooperation with the African Union (AU) and African sub-regional organizations in a variety of fields, including infrastructure development, capacity building and mechanism construction. At the same time, China joins other countries and international multilateral organizations in leveraging one another’s advantages to the fullest to help African countries reduce poverty, develop economically, and promote social progress.

中国与非盟及非洲次区域组织一道，在基础设施、农业、人员培训等传统领域，以及金融、减灾、知识产权等新兴领域展开密切合作。中国非盟关系是中非新型战略伙伴关系的重要组成部分。从20世纪70年代起，中国就陆续向非统/非盟提供了现汇、物资、成套项目、培训等多种形式的援助。2011年，非盟委员会正式加入中非合作论坛，双方合作更加密切。2012年1月，作为近年中国在非最大援建项目的非盟会议中心正式落成，中国宣布未来三年将向非盟提供6亿元人民币援助。
China works closely with the AU and African sub-regional organizations not only in traditional areas like infrastructure construction, agriculture and personnel training, but also in emerging fields like finance, disaster reduction and intellectual property. The relationship between China and the AU plays an important role in the China-Africa new-type strategic partnership. Early in the 1970s, China started to provide the Organization of African Unity (OAU, now AU) with assistance in a variety of forms, including money, materials, turn-key projects and training. Since the AU Commission joined the FOCAC in 2011, cooperation between China and the AU has been enhanced. China’s largest construction aid project in Africa, the AU Conference Center, was inaugurated in January 2012, at which time the Chinese government decided to provide 600 million yuan in aid to the AU over the next three years.

近年来，中国与非洲地区组织和机构的合作不断加强，且日趋制度化、机制化。2011年以来，中国先后与东非共同体、西非国家经济共同体签署了《经贸合作框架协议》，共同开展在贸易便利化、直接投资、跨境基础设施、发展援助等方面的合作。金融合作方面，中国是非洲开发银行、西非开发银行和东南非贸易与开发银行的成员国。自加入以来，中国已向非洲开发银行的软贷款窗口——非洲开发基金累计承诺捐资6.15亿美元，并参与了非洲开发基金多边减债行动，支持非洲减贫和区域一体化。中国国家开发银行与南部非洲开发银行签署了《开发性金融合作协议》；并与西非开发银行签署6000万欧元专项授信贷款协议，用于支持西非经济货币联盟国家内中小企业发展。中国进出口银行、农业银行等分别与非洲开发银行签订了合作框架协议，就基础项目融资、中小企业发展等问题开展合作。此外，中国还与非洲地区知识产权组织等机构达成相关协议，为推动中非经贸关系向更高水平迈进奠定基础。
In recent years, cooperation between China and African regional organizations has been strengthened and become institutionalized. Since 2011, the Chinese government has signed Framework Agreements on Economic and Trade Cooperation with both the East African Community (EAC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), to expand cooperation in promoting trade facilitation, direct investment, cross-border infrastructure construction and development aid. Evidence of China’s efforts in the area of financial cooperation includes China’s status as a member state of the African Development Bank (AfDB), the West African Development Bank, and the Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development Bank. China has promised to contribute 615 million U.S. dollars to the African Development Fund (ADF), which is the soft-loan window of the AfDB, and has actively participated in the ADF’s Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative to support poverty reduction and regional integration in Africa. The China Development Bank (CDB) has signed an Agreement on Development Financing Cooperation with the Development Bank of Southern Africa, and an agreement to loan 60 million Euros to the West African Development Bank for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in countries belonging to the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The Export-Import Bank of China and the Agricultural Bank of China have both signed cooperation framework agreements with the AfDB to cooperate on infrastructure project financing and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, China has reached relevant agreements with African intellectual property organizations, laying a solid foundation for the advancement of China-Africa economic and trade relations.

中国与联合国、世界银行等多边机构发挥各自优势，在农业、环保、培训等方面开展对非合作。中国是第一个与联合国粮农组织建立南南合作战略联盟的国家。2008年，中国宣布向联合国粮农组织捐赠3000万美元设立信托基金，重点用于支持中国参与“粮食安全特别计划”框架下的南南合作，基金使用将适度向非洲地区倾斜。截至2012年底，中国已在该框架下，向埃塞俄比亚、毛里塔尼亚、马里等国派遣农业专家和技术人员，在农田水利、农作物生产、畜牧水产养殖和农产品加工等多个领域提供农业技术援助，为提高其农业生产能力和粮食安全水平发挥了积极作用。此外，中国还与联合国环境规划署、国际减灾战略秘书处等国际组织合作开展气候变化与减灾合作。2012年，中国承诺向国际货币基金组织非洲技术援助活动捐资1000万美元，推动非洲国家宏观管理能力建设。自2007年5月中国金融机构与世界银行建立全面合作框架机制以来，目前双方就非洲国家一些基础设施建设项目正进行可行性研究和探讨。中国金融机构与世界银行集团旗下的国际金融公司等机构长期保持良好合作关系，在西非地区电信项目上提供联合融资，共同推动了区域通信行业发展。
China has joined forces with multilateral organizations including the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank (WB) to utilize one another’s strengths to the fullest to aid Africa in the fields of agriculture, environmental protection and training. China was the first country to form a strategic alliance with the UNFAO to foster South-South cooperation. In 2008, China decided to contribute 30 million U.S. dollars to the UNFAO to set up a trust fund. This fund, which is particularly beneficial to Africa, is used to support South-South cooperation between China and African countries under the framework of the UNFAO Special Program for Food Security. By the end of 2012, under the said framework, China had sent many agricultural experts and technicians to Ethiopia, Mauritania and Mali to provide technical assistance in the areas of irrigation and water conservation, crop production, animal husbandry, aquaculture and agricultural product processing. By doing this, China has played an active role in improving the agricultural production capacities and food security of these countries. In addition, China works cooperatively on climate change and disaster reduction with international organizations, including the United Nations Environment Programme and the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. In 2012, China promised to contribute US$10 million to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to provide technical assistance to Africa and improve the macroeconomic management of African countries. Chinese financial institutions established an all-round cooperation framework with the WB in May 2007. The two sides are carrying out feasibility studies on some infrastructure construction projects in African countries. Chinese financial institutions also maintain a good cooperative relationship with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), which is a member of the WB Group, to provide co-financing to telecommunications projects in West Africa and push forward the development of the communications industry in this region.

中国一贯本着开放的态度同其他国家在对非援助领域开展交流互鉴，探讨务实合作，共同致力于非洲发展。2009—2010年，中国与英国合作，分别在中国和加纳举办了三期非洲国家维和警察培训班。2011年，中国与埃及开展了中国援利比里亚塔佩塔医院项目三方合作。其中，中方负责维护医疗设备，培训利方医护、技术和管理人员；埃方负责派遣2—5名医生；利方负责医院日常运营等。通过此项目，培训了医院的骨干力量，为医院正常运行作出了突出贡献，受到各方好评。
With an open mind, China has worked to enhance exchanges and mutual learning with other countries to explore practical cooperation in providing assistance to Africa. From 2009 to 2010, in partnership with the UK, China ran three peacekeeping police training classes in China and Ghana for African countries. In 2011, the tripartite agreement on the Liberian Tapeta Hospital cooperative project, signed by China, Egypt and Liberia, was fulfilled. According to the agreement, the Chinese government was responsible for maintaining medical equipment, and training medical, technical and managerial personnel for the hospital. The agreement required the Egyptian government to send two to five doctors to the hospital, and made the Liberian side responsible for the hospital’s management and operation. This project has trained the backbone staff of the hospital and made outstanding contributions to its operation, winning universal praise.

今后，中国将继续加强与非盟和非洲次区域组织的合作，通过开展非洲跨国跨区域基础设施建设、推动人力资源开发、加强同非洲开发银行及次区域金融组织的合作等多种方式，支持非洲地区经济一体化建设和地区组织的能力建设。同时，中国还将继续开展促进非洲可持续发展的国际合作，加强在农业发展及气候变化等领域的合作，在生态保护、环境管理等领域向非洲提供更有力的支持。
In the future, China will work more closely with the AU and African sub-regional organizations to support Africa’s economic integration and build the capacities of regional organizations. It will do this by promoting transnational and trans-regional infrastructure development and human resources development in Africa, and also by strengthening cooperation with the AfDB and African sub-regional financial institutions. At the same time, China will expand its international cooperative efforts to advance Africa’s sustainable development, strengthen cooperation in the fields of agricultural development and climate change, and provide more support to Africa in ecological protection and environmental management.

结束语
Conclusion

中非关系正处在新的历史起点上。作为希望的大陆、发展的热土，非洲已成为全球经济增长最快的地区之一。作为世界上最大的发展中国家，中国保持着经济平稳健康发展的势头。中非共同利益不断拓展，相互需求日益增多，经贸合作面临着加快发展的难得机遇。
China-Africa relations have reached a new historic level. Africa, a continent full of hope and thirsty for development, has become one of the world’s fastest growing regions, while China, the world’s largest developing country, has maintained forward momentum in its development. With increasing common interests and mutual needs, the two sides have great opportunities to accelerate their economic and trade cooperation.

当前，中国人民正致力于实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，非洲人民也正在努力实现联合自强与发展振兴的非洲梦。中国将继续本着相互尊重、合作共赢的精神，采取切实措施，努力构建全方位、多元化、深层次合作的中非命运共同体，推动中非经贸合作朝着共圆梦想的方向前进。中国也愿意与世界其他国家和地区加强合作，共同推动和促进非洲的繁荣发展。
Currently, the Chinese people are working hard to realize the Chinese dream of national revival, while African people are committed to the African dream of gaining strength through unity and achieving development and renewal. With a spirit of mutual respect and win-win cooperation, China will continue to take concrete measures to build a Sino-African community of shared destinies featuring all-round, diversified and deep cooperation. It will work to advance China-Africa economic and trade cooperation to help both sides make their respective dreams come true. China is also willing to enhance its cooperation with the rest of the world to promote Africa’s prosperity and development.

附录1 中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议经贸举措落实情况
Appendix I Implementation of the Economic & Trade Measures of the Fourth FOCAC Ministerial Conference

1、中非双方加强在应对气候变化领域的政策对话与务实合作。中方多次派遣气候变化谈判特别代表等高官赴非洲与非方交换看法，并在坎昆会议、德班会议、“基础四国”气候变化部长级磋商等重要多边场合与非洲国家保持对话磋商、协调立场，共同维护发展中国家利益。为提高非洲国家适应气候变化的能力，中方在非洲国家实施了百余个清洁能源项目。
1. The two sides have engaged in enhanced policy dialogue and practical cooperation on climate change. China has, on many occasions, sent senior officials, including the special envoy for climate change negotiations, to African countries to exchange views. During the Cancun Conference, the Durban Conference, the Ministerial Consultation of BASIC countries and other related negotiations and conferences, China has engaged in dialogue and consultation and also coordinated its position with African countries to uphold the common interests of developing countries. With a view to improving the abilities of African countries to adapt to climate change, China has implemented over 100 clean energy projects in Africa.