2011年3月高口翻译原文和参考答案(新东方版)

汉译英原文：

合营企业设董事会，其人数组成由合营各方协商，在合同、章程中确定，并由合营各方委派。董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，决定合营企业的一切重大问题。董事长由合营各方协商确定或由董事会选举产生。董事长是合营企业法定代表人。董事长不能履行职责时，应授权其他董事代表合营企业。

董事会会议由董事长负责召集并主持。董事会会议应当有2/3以上董事出席方能举行。董事不能出席的，可以出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。董事会会议应用中文和英文作详细记录，并在会议结束后14日内送交每位董事，由出席董事会会议的各位董事签字确认。

汉译英参考答案：

A joint venture shall have a board of directors, which shall have its size and composition stipulated in the contract and the articles of association after consultation between the parties to the venture, and the directors shall be appointed and replaced by the parties to the venture. The board of directors shall be the highest authority of a joint venture that shall decide all major matters concerning the joint venture. The Chairman are determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. When the chairman is unable to perform his duties, he shall authorize another director to represent the joint venture.

The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board. It shall be held only when over two-third of the directors are present. If a director is unable to attend the meeting，he may issue a power of attorney to appoint a proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf. Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.

解析：英语句子被动态多，尤其是在科技法律文本中，通过被动来体现文本的客观性。相比较而言，汉语被动数量少、用法窄。现代汉语大部分被动意义很少用被字，不用被字也能表示被动涵义，而且，很多被动结构并非通过“被”来连接，如由，叫，让，给，受到，遭到，为……所等等，因此，在判断主语和谓语动词的关系时一定要关注语态：主动还是被动？本次考试是考察的法律文本，其间未曾出现一个“被”字，但是多个句子是必须利用被动语态来翻译的：

1. 董事长由合营各方协商确定或由董事会选举产生。

译文：The Chairman are determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors.

2. 董事会会议由董事长负责召集并主持。

译文：The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board.

3. 董事会会议应用中文和英文作详细记录，并在会议结束后14日内送交每位董事，由出席董事会会议的各位董事签字确认。

译文：Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.

英译汉原文——查看纽约时报原文出处>>

When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a community — and a nation — traumatized by Saturday’s shootings rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bush’s speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995.

But Obama’s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedies---which, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted partisan divisions---this one has, in the days since the killings, had the opposite effect, inflaming the divide.

It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage. He directly confronted the political debate that erupted after the rampage, asking people of all beliefs not to use the tragedy to turn on one another. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and the right. It was one of the more powerful addresses that Mr. Obama has delivered as president, harnessing the emotion generated by the shock and loss from Saturday’s shootings to urge Americans “to remind ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together”.

参考答案：

本周三，奥巴马总统就上周六亚利桑那州图森市所发生的枪击惨案向公众及全国发表演讲，人们不禁将这次演讲与布什总统在2001年911袭击之后的演讲、以及克林顿总统在1995年俄克拉荷马州一座联邦办公楼遭袭（168人遇害）后发表的演说予以比较。

然而，奥巴马本次面临着更大的挑战，也映射出这个时代的要旨。不同于以往那些惨案---至少在其发生的初期，整个国家在哀悼中团结如一，各党派亦因此噤若寒蝉---而本次的枪击惨案却产生了相反的效果，激发了党派间的分歧。

自奥巴马就任总统以来，他便意识到了这一政治现实。他直接面对枪击惨案发生后引发的政治辩论，呼吁持不同宗教信仰的人们不要利用这一惨案针锋相对。他呼吁各党派停止相互指责，同时呼吁各党派团结起来。因各党派之间的指责日益严厉且锋芒毕露，团结已经渐形渐远。本次是奥巴马担任总统以来发表的最具号召力的一次演讲，他在演讲中疏导了美国人因枪杀事件而产生的震惊与迷失情绪，并敦促美国人 “时刻提醒自己，我们因希望和梦想而团结在一起”。