美国副国务卿关于美中关系设想的演讲

In this world, and under those circumstances, the logic of international cooperation is overwhelming. Countries have a great deal to gain if we can work together, and much to lose if we don’t. But applying this insight to our relations with China poses a fundamental conundrum. Given China’s growing capabilities and influence, we have an especially compelling need to work with China to meet global challenges. Yet China’s very size and importance also raises the risk of competition and rivalry that can thwart that cooperation.

在当今世界上，鉴于目前的这种形势，进行国际合作的理由极其充分。如果我们能够合作，各国可受益匪浅，否则便将蒙受重大损失。但以这种认识处理我们同中国的关系，不免从根本上面临两难的局面。考虑到中国的实力和影响日益增强，我们尤为迫切地需要同中国共同应对全球性挑战。然而，中国自身的规模和重要地位也带来了相互竞争与对抗的风险，结果有可能阻挠相互合作。

Now, you all know I’m a part-time academic and so I can’t resist this part of the speech, but historians since Thucydides have pointed to a long string of conflicts generated by the emergence of rising powers that disturb the old order and challenge the existing power structure and predict the same gloomy future for China’s rise. Political scientists and IR theorists talk darkly of security dilemmas that lead nations to take actions to protect their own security against potential adversaries, and that, by taking those actions, fuel the very conflicts they were hoping to avert.

各位都知道，我是半个学者，因此我忍不住要发表评论，因为自修昔底德以来的历史学家都指出大国的崛起会引发一系列冲突，结果打乱了旧秩序并对现有权力结构提出挑战，因此中国的崛起也可能导致同样暗淡的前景。政治学家和国际关系学者往往悲观地谈到，安全面临的困境可导致各国采取行动保护自己的安全免受潜在敌人的威胁，但这类行动反过来又会为他们原来希望避免的冲突推波助澜。

These academic perspectives obviously have strong resonance in the political debates we hear not only in the United States, but in China today. So how do we square this circle? Adapting to the rise of China, as well as other emerging powers like India and Brazil, while protecting our own national interests. This, I believe, is one of the key strategic challenges of our time. And the key to solving it is what I would call strategic reassurance.

今天，这些学术观点不仅在美国，而且在中国的政治讨论中显然都产生了强烈的回响。我们怎样才能解决这个难题呢？一方面需要保护本国的国家利益，另一方面也需要适应中国的崛起，适应印度和巴西等其他大国的崛起。我认为，这是我们这个时代的重大战略挑战之一。而应对这个挑战的关键就是我所说的战略性保障。

Strategic reassurance rests on a core, if tacit, bargain. Just as we and our allies must make clear that we are prepared to welcome China’s “arrival”, as you all have so nicely put it, as a prosperous and successful power, China must reassure the rest of the world that its development and growing global role will not come at the expense of security and well-being of others. Bolstering that bargain must be a priority in the U.S.-China relationship. And strategic reassurance must find ways to highlight and reinforce the areas of common interest, while addressing the sources of mistrust directly, whether they be political, military or economic.

战略性保障取决于一项关键的相互约定，或许也是一个不言而喻的条件。我们和我们的盟友必须明确表示，我们已准备好欢迎中国作为一个繁荣昌盛的大国的“arrival”（到来），这里借用你们的措辞，很贴切；中国也必须向全世界其他国家保证，中国的发展及其在全球日益增长的作用将不以其他人的安全和福祉为代价。维护这项条件必须成为美中关系的重点。战略性保障必须通过各种途径强调并增进存在共同利益的领域，同时直接消除导致相互不信任的根源，不论是在政治上、军事上，还是在经济上。

Now part of this reassurance comes from sustained dialogue. It’s important to recall, and Secretary Kissinger just reminded me of it a few days ago, that we began the new era of our relationship with China with some 25 hours of extended dialogue between Henry Kissinger and Zhou Enlai. And the importance of broad-ranging dialogue is at the core of our decision to elevate and broaden the strategic and economic dialogue between the United States and China. Part of achieving strategic reassurance comes from enhancing transparency.

战略性保障在一定程度上可以通过持续对话得到实现。人们不应该忘记，几天前基辛格国务卿也提醒我，当年亨利．基辛格（Henry Kissinger）与周恩来经过长达约25个小时的交谈，我们才打开了对华关系的新时代。进行广泛对话的重要性是我们决定促进和拓宽美国与中国的战略与经济对话的核心。战略性保障在某种程度上也可以通过提高透明度实现。

But if our efforts are truly to be successful, they must go beyond words to actions that reassure. We must each take specific steps to address and allay each other’s concerns. The first eight months of the Obama Administration, building on the important efforts of our predecessors – and I want to stress the importance of continuity in the U.S.-China relationship, which has brought us to this very important stage today – have provided solid evidence that there is a reason to believe that this approach can bear fruit.

为了我们的努力切实获得成功，不能只靠言辞，必须见诸于有保证的实际行动。我们必须各自采取具体步骤，处理和解决彼此关注的问题。在执政的前8个月，奥巴马政府主要以前任进行的重大努力为基础——我需要强调保持美中关系连续性的重要意义，正因为如此我们才能发展到今天这个重要阶段——有力的事实说明，应该有理由相信这种方式能够产生实效。

When Secretary Clinton traveled to China in February on her first trip as Secretary of State, she set out to demonstrate our commitment to this objective. When President Obama and President Hu met on the margins of the London G-20 in April, they pledged to work together to build a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship for the 21st century. And we have seen in the subsequent meetings, including just the other day in New York and in the President’s planned visit to China, our determination to sustain this momentum.

今年2月，国务卿克林顿首次以国务卿的身份出访中国，着重表明我们坚持这个目标的立场。今年4月，奥巴马总统和胡主席在伦敦G-20峰会期间举行会晤，双方承诺为建设21世纪的积极、合作、全面的关系共同努力。通过随后的一系列会谈，包括不久前在纽约举行的会谈以及总统拟定的中国之行，我们都看到我们决心在这个基础上再接再厉。

Now the global financial crisis has offered a clear example – both the importance of the United States and China working together and the real benefits that come from that cooperation. China and the United States have implemented the two largest stimulus packages in history – coordinating them with one another and with other governments around the globe. And as China leads the way with renewed growth, the good news is not just that we are seeing the beginnings of a turnaround in much of the world, but we are also beginning to see a new effort to find greater global structures to assure that this doesn’t happen again. Just as we have said about getting our own house in order, China understands that it too must play its part by becoming a more important source of global consumption. There is a common commitment to putting growth on a stronger foundation, and we’ll see this in the discussions in Pittsburgh.

目前的全球金融危机为美中两国合作的重要性以及合作带来的实际利益提供了明显的例证。中国和美国实施了有史以来两个规模最大的刺激经济方案––两国互相协调并与全球其他国家的政府互相协调。中国已率先恢复增长；令人欣慰的是，我们不仅看到世界许多地区正开始出现好转，而且还开始看到，为保证危机不再重演，人们正在进行新的努力，寻求更高层次的全球性机制。关于我们谈到的恢复国内秩序的问题，中国认识到，中国必须尽其努力，成为全球消费一个更重要的来源。共同的义务要求增长应有更坚固的基础，我们将在匹兹堡的讨论中看到这一点。

Of course, this effort takes more than just the combined efforts of the United States and China, and that’s why our global cooperation is so important. But without the United States and China working together effectively, the prospects of success would be much dimmer. We’re building towards the same kind of cooperation on addressing climate change, driven by the knowledge that the United States and China are the two biggest emitters of greenhouse gases. We in the United States acknowledge our historic responsibility for the emissions that have created the dangers of climate change, the indispensability of our taking strong actions here at home, and the need to accommodate China and other developing countries’ legitimate development goals.

当然，这方面的努力不仅要求美国和中国付出共同努力，所以我们的全球合作也非常重要。然而，没有美国与中国的有效合作，成功的前景将会更暗淡得多。美国和中国认识到两国是最大的温室气体排放国，为此在气候变化问题上相互合作，我们正逐步发展类似的合作。我们美国一方承认，废气排放造成了气候变化的危害，对废气排放承担着我们的历史责任，因此应义不容辞地在国内采取有力的措施，同时也需要尊重中国和其他发展中国家合乎实际的发展目标。
At the same time, China is increasingly acknowledging that it must find a way to mitigate the climate effects of its continued development. A memorandum of understanding signed at the Strategic and Economic Dialogue demonstrated a joint commitment to expanding cooperation on low carbon growth and forging a successful international agreement on climate change, a task that we will pursue together in Copenhagen. And the statements of both President Obama and President Hu at the UN Climate Summit, I think, reinforced this sense of mutual commitment.

与此同时，中国也日益认识到，中国必须寻找方法，降低继续寻求发展对气候造成的影响。两国在战略与经济对话期间签署的谅解备忘录表明了一项共同承诺，要求扩大在低碳增长方面的合作，同时在气候变化问题上成功地达成一项国际协议，我们将在哥本哈根会议期间共同努力实现这项目标。我认为，奥巴马总统和胡主席在联合国气候问题首脑会议上发表的讲话，进一步明确了这个共同承诺的精神。

Our cooperation has also been an essential in forging a common front in response to North Korea’s recent missile and nuclear tests. Working with our partners in the Six-Party Talks, we forged a unified position leading to a presidential statement after the missile test, and UN Security Council Resolution 1874 following the nuclear test. And since the adoption of that resolution, we have worked effectively together to implement strong measures, which we hope will lead to a resumption of Six-Party Talks and the North Koreans’ recommitment to complete denuclearization.

我们的合作还为应对北韩最近的导弹及核试验建立共同战线具有重要意义。通过与六方会谈的伙伴进行合作，我们达成了一致立场，随后促成安理会在北韩进行导弹试射后发表主席声明，另在北韩进行核试验后，又通过了联合国安理会第1874号决议。自从该决议通过以来，我们为实施更强硬的措施进行了有效的合作，我们希望将有助于恢复六方会谈，敦促北韩重新承诺无核化的义务。

Now, it will be important for us to demonstrate the same possibility of cooperation in dealing with Iran’s nuclear programs through the P5+1. China has also played an active role in fostering security and stability along its western border in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and I’m not just talking about the economic investments that China has made, such as the Aynak copper mine. It’s also played a role in training Afghans as well as Iraqis to diffuse landmines, and helping to work to encourage the Pakistan Government to step up its efforts against dangerous extremists.

同时，我们有必要表明，为了通过五常加一（P5+1）的模式处理伊朗核计划问题，应该有同样的可能进行合作。中国还发挥了积极作用，加强与巴基斯坦及阿富汗接壤的西部边界的安全与稳定。我所说的不仅是中国已进行的经济投资，如对艾娜克（Aynak）铜矿的投资。中国还在训练阿富汗人及伊拉克人如何排除地雷，并为鼓励巴基斯坦政府打击危险的极端主义分子尽自己的努力。

China is demonstrating its willingness to play a constructive role in securing the global commons by contributing its destroyers to anti-piracy efforts off the Horn of Africa.

中国向非洲之角派出驱逐舰打击海盗活动，表明愿为保障全球共同利益发挥建设性作用。