美国副国务卿关于美中关系设想的演讲

We’ve worked together to address the threat of transnational terrorism, and China has begun to do more to support the international noNPRoliferation regime, starting by joining the Nuclear Suppliers Group. We continue to work and encourage China to enhance export controls and other measures, but it is clear that in recent years, China is increasingly sharing our concerns and beginning to assume greater responsibility for addressing them.

我们已为消除跨国恐怖主义的威胁共同努力。中国以加入核供应国集团为开端，开始为支持国际不扩散体制付出更大的努力。我们继续为此进行努力，并鼓励中国加强出口管制等措施。显而易见的是，近年来中国正越来越多地与我们有着共同的关注，并开始为解决这些问题承担更大的责任。

Now, this growing list of areas of cooperation is impressive. But it is important that we neither overlook nor downplay the continued areas of mistrust and disagreement, many of which are highlighted in the volume that CNAS is launching today.

合作的领域不断扩大令人赞叹。然而，必须认识到我们既不能忽视，也不能淡化继续存在不信任和分歧的领域，贵中心今天发布的报告重点谈到了其中很多方面的问题。

Reassurance is especially critical when it comes to military activities. I think it’s timely that I came in just after the few words I heard of the previous panel. As China’s economy has grown and its global interests have expanded, its military spending has quite naturally increased, and its capabilities have been extended at sea, in the air, and in space. And in some cases, these enhanced capabilities have been coupled with actions, such as China’s over-broad assertion of its rights in the EEZs, that have caused the United States and China’s neighbors to question China’s intentions.

消除疑虑在军事活动方面尤为关键。我认为，在听了前面的一些讨论后轮到我发言正是时候。随着中国经济的增长及其全球利益的扩展，其军事开支也很自然地有所增加，中国在海上、空中和太空的实力都有所增强。在某些情况下，实力的增强还伴随着相应的行动，中国要求对专属经济区行使权利的范围过宽就是一个例子，已引起美国和中国的邻国对中国的意图提出质疑。

While China, like any nation, has the right to provide for its security, its capabilities and its actions also heighten its responsibility to reassure others that this buildup does not present a threat. That we have restarted high-level military-to-military dialogues is a positive step. And I’m hopeful that this will allow us to help resolve some of the ongoing tensions, for example, with respect to the South China Sea and the PLA Navy’s activities. These discussions between us must be stable and ongoing, not a stop-and-start conversation easily derailed by disagreement.

中国同其他任何国家一样，有权保障自身安全，但其实力和行动也要求增强自身的责任，向其他国家承诺发展军备不构成威胁。我们已经重启高级别军方对话，这是一项积极举措。我希望这能有助于我们缓和目前的某些紧张状况，例如南中国海问题和中国人民解放军海军部队的活动。我们之间的这类磋商必须稳步、持续地进行，不应该轻易受到分歧的干扰，成为时断时续的对话。

We also are urging China to increase its military transparency in order to reassure all the countries in the rest of Asia and globally about its intentions, averting instability and tension in its own neighborhood. We’re encouraged by the positive dialogue between China and Taiwan, and we encourage both China and Taiwan to explore confidence-building steps that will lead to closer ties and greater stability across the Taiwan Strait.

我们还在敦促中国提高其军事透明度，从而消除亚洲和全世界其他所有国家对其意图的疑虑，避免其周边地区出现不稳定和紧张状态。我们对中国和台湾之间的积极对话感到高兴。我们鼓励中国和台湾都寻求有助于信心建设的措施，增强台湾海峡两岸的联系和稳定。

The risks of mistrust are especially acute in the arena of strategic nuclear weapons, space, and increasingly in the cyber realm. Achieving mutual reassurance in these areas is challenging, but as we learned during the Cold War, essential to avoiding potentially catastrophic rivalry and misunderstanding. Both sides need to devote creative thinking in how we might address these thorny challenges.

彼此不信任的风险在战略核武器和太空领域尤为严重，在网络空间也日甚一日。在上述领域实现相互保障需要克服很多困难，但我们已从冷战中汲取了教训，深知这是避免灾难性的对抗和误解的关键。双方都必须以创造性的思维考虑如何解决这些棘手的难题。

Resource competition is another area of concern. With its rapid growth and large population, China’s demand for resources, whether oil, gas, or minerals, is surging, but resource mercantilism is not the appropriate response. China’s moves in that direction have raised legitimate concern not only in the United States, but also among our other partners and among resource-rich developing nations.

资源竞争是另一个值得关注的领域。中国增长迅速、人口众多，对油、汽和矿物资源的需求急剧上升，但资源重商主义不是适当的应对手段。中国的这种倾向已经引起了合理的关注，不仅来自美国，还来自我们的其他伙伴和资源丰富的发展中国家。

The problem is not just that China’s mercantilist approach disrupts markets; it also leads China to problematic engagement with actors like Iran, Sudan, Burma, and Zimbabwe, and undermines the perception of China as a country interested in contributing to regional stability and humanitarian goals.

问题不仅在于中国的重商主义倾向扰乱了市场，还在于这种行为导致中国同伊朗、苏丹、缅甸和津巴布韦等国进行有问题的接触，破坏了中国作为一个愿为地区稳定和人道主义目标做出贡献的国家的形象。

The United States and China share an interest in stable and sustainable energy supplies. And far from seeing China as a competitor, we’re eager to enlist China to help in developing well-functioning markets and bolstering our common energy security in the years ahead. China must, in turn, demonstrate that it will be a constructive participant in its efforts rather than seeking to secure its own energy needs at the expense of others.

美国和中国在保障稳定的、可持续的能源供给方面拥有共同利益。我们决不会视中国为竞争对手，同时还迫切希望争取中国的帮助，以便今后建立正常运转的市场并增进我们共同的能源安全。与此同时，中国必须表明，中国将作为一个建设性的参与者进行努力，不会为保障自己的能源需求而损害他人的利益。

Another area of frequent tension is our economic relationship. Our two-way trade and investment has benefited both of us enormously, and we both depend on it for our growth and prosperity. At the same time, it does create tension and misunderstanding. But that is why we have placed our economic relationship so central in our dialogue. And we’re making progress, for example, on a bilateral investment treaty while China takes steps to become a constructive member of the global economic architecture, including its membership in the WTO.

另一个往往导致关系紧张的领域是我们的经济关系。我们的双向贸易和投资使我们两国受益匪浅，我们的增长和繁荣都有赖于此。但贸易也不免造成了关系紧张和误解。这就是我们在两国对话中如此重视双方经济关系的原因。我们正在这方面取得进展，例如双方正努力达成一项双边投资协定，与此同时中国正采取步骤，争取成为WTO等全球经济体系的一名建设性成员。

I want to say something about the recent dispute about tires. That dispute highlights some of the risks of our economic relationship, and there’s been no shortage of commentary warning of spiraling economic nationalism and a coming trade war. But it also is clear that this is a worst-case scenario, which is far from inevitable. We do disagree with the Chinese Government on the substance of this issue, which is why the President reached his decision, and we followed that decision with the imposition of a tariff.

我想谈谈最近发生的有关轮胎的争端。这场争端突出地反映了双方经济关系中的某些风险。有关经济民族主义情绪不断上升的预言和贸易战一触即发的评论数不胜数。但同样很明确的是，这是一种最坏的估计，绝非不可避免。对于这个问题的实质，我们的确同中国政府持不同意见。因此，总统做出了他的决定，我们依照这项决定加征了关税。

But the important point is this all took place within the WTO framework accepted by the United States and China, as well as our own bilateral understandings. And I am convinced that both sides are intent on making sure that this particular disagreement does not spark a trade war or widespread protectionism. And if we succeed, it will be because we have established well designed avenues of cooperation and dialogue that allow us to handle these disputes in a broader context.

但重要的是，这都发生在美国和中国所接受的WTO的框架内，也没有超出两国双边谅解的范畴。我坚信，美中双方都要求防止这一特定的分歧引发贸易战或保护主义的蔓延。如果我们能够做到这一点，那将归功于我们已经建立的合作与对话的良好渠道，使我们能在全局之下处理这些争端。

Now, some say that human rights have nothing to do with our strategic relationship, and therefore doesn’t belong in the list that I’m discussing today. Indeed, some in China have even argued that our interest in human rights and ethnic minorities and religious freedom is designed to weaken China and so inconsistent with the basic bargain I’ve been talking about. But I couldn’t disagree more.

有人说人权问题与我们的战略关系毫不相干，因此不应在我今天讨论的问题之列。不仅如此，中国有些人士甚至认为我们关注人权、少数民族和宗教自由问题，用意在于削弱中国，因此与我一直在谈的基本精神不符。对此我实在不敢苟同。

Of course we stand up for human rights because, as President Obama has said, it is who we are as a people. But we also believe that a China that respects the rule of law and universal norms provides reassurance to others that it will bring the same approach to its international behavior, as well as providing greater stability and growth for its own people.

毋庸置疑，我们捍卫人权，因为正如奥巴马总统所指出的，人权体现了我国人民的本质。但我们也认为，一个尊重法制和国际惯例的中国可以打消别国的疑虑，相信中国能为本国人民促进稳定和增长，同时在国际上也将采取同样的行为。

Now, strategic reassurance does not only apply to the relationship between China and the United States. Our partners, particularly in Asia, must have the same certainty that China’s expanding role will not come at the expense of their interests. And this not only requires that the United States bolster its own bilateral relationships, especially with key allies like Japan, South Korea and Australia, but also that we lead in updating and strengthening the regional and international institutions that shape the context in which China’s development occurs, so that change is constructive rather than destabilizing.

如今，战略保障不仅涉及中美两国关系。我们的合作伙伴，尤其是亚洲的合作伙伴必须能够同样确信，中国的作用日益强大，不至于以牺牲他们的利益为代价。这不仅需要美国维护其本身与各国的双边关系，特别是与日本、韩国及澳大利亚等主要盟国的关系，而且需要我们发挥主导作用，改善和加强某些对中国实现发展的环境产生影响的地区性和国际性机制，使其变革具有建设性，而不至于导致不稳定。

In what President Obama calls this new era of engagement, we are refining and reinforcing regional cooperation in Asia, which is why Secretary Clinton recently announced our accession to the ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation. And along with developing new forums for regional dialogue and cooperation, we will stay committed to our key alliances. They are consistent with a vision of a peaceful, stable Asia that we and China share.

奥巴马总统称这个新时代是相互接触的时代。我们正在调整和加强在亚洲的地区性合作。正是因为如此，国务卿克林顿最近宣布我国加入《东盟友好合作条约》。我们在为地区性对话与合作发展新的渠道的同时，还将坚持维护与我们主要盟国的关系。这符合我们与中国关于亚洲和平稳定的共同构想。

When it comes to the international system, we must ensure that new powers like China – and there are others as well, of course – can take their rightful place at the table without generating fear or mistrust. That means making the institutions more inclusive so that they reflect the world of today, rather than the world of 1945 or the 1970s, and more effective so that we can collectively overcome the problems of interdependence. As we pursue these policies, we will be open to China’s growing role, but we will also be looking for signs and signals of reassurance from China. If China is going to take its rightful place, it must make those signals clear.

在涉及国际体系的问题上，我们必须确保中国这样的新兴大国，当然还有其他一些国家，能够在交往中采取适宜的姿态，不至于引起恐惧或不信任。这要求促进有关机制的广泛性，使其充分反映今日世界的实际，不再逗留在1945年或1970年代。这还要求提高这些机制的效果，有助于我们共同解决相互依赖带来的问题。我们在采取这些政策的同时，将欢迎中国发挥日益重要的作用，但是也希望看到中国提供保障的迹象和表示。中国如果准备采取适宜的姿态，必须明确发出这些信号。

In the face of uncertainty, policymakers in any government tend to prepare for the worst to focus on the potential threat down the road, and of course, some of that is necessary. But we also have to make sure that by preparing for the worst, we don’t foreclose positive outcomes; that we leave ourselves open to the positive, and avoid the trap of self-fulfilling fears. Your volume quotes my predecessor Rich Armitage, “Nobody, including the leadership with China knows how it’s going to come out. If it comes out badly, this is bad for us; if it comes out well, it can benefit all of us. And that’s what we must dedicate ourselves to.” A wise man, that Deputy Secretary. (Laughter.)

面临不确定的状况，任何政府的决策者一般会做最坏的打算，高度警惕未来潜在的威胁。当然，在某些情况下，的确有必要这样做。但是，我们还应该注意到，在做最坏的打算的同时，也不可忽视积极的结果；我们欢迎产生积极的结果，同时避免坠入自以为是的惊恐。你们的报告援引我的前任里奇．阿米蒂奇的话说：“任何人，包括中国领导层，都不能断定将来的结局。结局如果不好，对我们也不利；结局如果很好，对大家都有利。我们必须为此努力。”副国务卿是一位智者。(笑声)

And as President Obama said at the opening of the SE&D, “I believe in a future where China is a strong, prosperous and successful member of the community of nations, a future where our nations are partners, not out of necessity, but also out of opportunity. This future is not fixed, but it is a destination that can be reached if we pursue a sustained dialogue like the one that you and we will commence today, and act on what we hear and what we learn.”

奥巴马总统在战略与经济对话开幕式上指出：“我所相信的未来是：中国是国际社会强大、繁荣和成功的一员；届时我们的国家将不仅是出于需要而且也是出于寻求机遇成为合作的伙伴。未来并非一定如此，但是，如果我们坚持进行像今天即将开始的对话，并基于我们听到和学到的内容行事，这应当是一个能够达到的目标。”

We in the Obama Administration will uphold the United States’ side of this bargain. We are ready to accept a growing role for China on the international stage, and in many areas, we have already embraced it. China too needs to demonstrate the same commitment to doing its part – reassuring the United States, its neighbors in Asia, and the rest of the world that we have nothing to fear from a more influential China, that Beijing shares our vision of a new geopolitics of win-win solutions rather than zero-sum rivalries. With such strategic reassurance and a shared commitment to building an international system based on mutual trust, I have no doubt that we can succeed in our common interests, not just in common actions, and that will be a great benefit to us all. Thanks for your time, and I look forward to your questions.

奥巴马政府将坚持美国在对话中采取的立场。我们准备接受中国在国际舞台上发挥日益重要的作用。在许多领域，我们已经对此表示欢迎。中国也同样有必要表明，中国将履行自己的义务，使美国、亚洲邻国和全世界相信，我们不必对中国的影响扩大有任何疑虑，北京方面也认同我们有关地缘政治的新构想，要求以双赢的方式解决问题，不再陷入你死我活的争斗。有了这一战略性保障和建立以互信为基础的国际体系的共同承诺，我坚信我们不仅能成功地采取共同行动，而且能够实现我们的共同利益。这对我们大家都大有裨益。谢谢诸位，现在我准备回答你们的提问。