习大大在网络安全和信息化工作座谈会上的讲话

在网络安全和信息化工作座谈会上的讲话（节选）
Speech at a Symposium on Cybersecurity and IT Application (Excerpt)

习近平
Xi Jinping
2016年4月19日
April 19, 2016

今天，我们召开一个网络安全和信息化工作座谈会。这个会，我一直想开。党的十八大以来，我国互联网事业快速发展，网络安全和信息化工作扎实推进，取得显著进步和成绩，同时也存在不少短板和问题。召开这次座谈会，就是要当面听取大家意见和建议，共同探讨一些措施和办法，以利于我们把工作做得更好。
Today, we are holding a symposium on cybersecurity and IT application. This is a meeting that I have wanted to convene for some time now. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, China’s Internet initiatives have developed very rapidly, with steady progress having being made in cybersecurity and IT application. Yet despite these notable results, we are still facing a number of problems and falling short in many areas. This symposium is a chance for us to hear people’s opinions and suggestions up front, and discuss measures and approaches that will help us to do a better job in the future.
刚才，几位同志讲得很好，分析了当前互联网发展新情况新动向，介绍了信息化发展新技术新趋势，提出了很好的意见和建议，听了很受启发。你们的发言，体现了务实的态度、创新的精神、强烈的责任感，也体现了在互联网领域较高的理论和实践水平，对我们改进工作很有帮助。有关部门要认真研究大家的意见和建议，能吸收的尽量吸收。下面，我谈几点意见，同大家交流。
Just now, several fellow participants made some very good remarks. You analyzed the latest Internet developments and trends, introduced the newest technologies and trends in IT application, and offered some very good opinions and suggestions, which has given me much food for thought. Your remarks have demonstrated your pragmatic attitude, innovative spirit, and strong sense of responsibility, in addition to your considerable level of theoretical and practical expertise on the Internet, and they will assist us greatly in improving our performance. The relevant departments should carefully review everyone’s opinions and suggestions and take as many of them on board as possible. Now, I would like to share some of my views with everyone here.
第一个问题，讲讲推动我国网信事业发展，让互联网更好造福人民。
First, I will talk about developing the Internet and IT in China and enabling the Internet to do more to benefit people.
听了大家发言，我有一个总的感觉，就是对互联网来说，我国虽然是后来者，接入国际互联网只有20多年，但我们正确处理安全和发展、开放和自主、管理和服务的关系，推动互联网发展取得令人瞩目的成就。现在，互联网越来越成为人们学习、工作、生活的新空间，越来越成为获取公共服务的新平台。我国有7亿网民，这是一个了不起的数字，也是一个了不起的成就。
Having listened to your remarks, my overall impression is that although China was a latecomer as far as the Internet is concerned, having only been connected for over 20 years, we have made remarkable achievements in the development of the Internet because we have struck the right balance between security and development, openness and autonomy, and management and services. Today, the Internet is increasingly becoming a new space in which people study, work, and live their lives, and increasingly emerging as a new platform through which people acquire public services. China is now home to 700 million Internet users. This is an incredible number, and it is also an incredible achievement.
从社会发展史看，人类经历了农业革命、工业革命，正在经历信息革命。农业革命增强了人类生存能力，使人类从采食捕猎走向栽种畜养，从野蛮时代走向文明社会。工业革命拓展了人类体力，以机器取代了人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代了个体工场手工生产。而信息革命则增强了人类脑力，带来生产力又一次质的飞跃，对国际政治、经济、文化、社会、生态、军事等领域发展产生了深刻影响。
Looking at the history of society, we can see that having experienced agricultural and industrial revolutions in the past, human society is now in the midst of an information revolution. The agricultural revolution enhanced the capacity of humans to survive, marking the progression of humanity from hunting and gathering to farming and herding, and from a primitive society to a civilized one. The industrial revolution expanded the limits of human labor, replacing physical labor with machinery and manual workshops with large-scale factories. Now the information revolution is boosting human intellect, bringing about another leap forward in productive forces that has exerted a profound political, economic, cultural, social, environmental, and military impact around the globe.
当前和今后一个时期，我国发展的目标是实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标。我说过，建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，实现中华民族伟大复兴，是鸦片战争以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，是中华民族的最高利益和根本利益。今天，我们13亿多人的一切奋斗归根到底都是为了实现这一伟大目标。
China’s development goal both now and for the foreseeable future is to realize the “Two Centenary Goals.” As I have said before, the building of a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious, and the realization of the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation, have been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since the Opium War of 1840. This is the highest and most fundamental interest of the Chinese nation. Today, the entire efforts of more than 1.3 billion Chinese people are all about realizing this monumental goal.
我国曾经是世界上的经济强国，后来在欧洲发生工业革命、世界发生深刻变革的时期，丧失了与世界同进步的历史机遇，逐渐落到了被动挨打的境地。特别是鸦片战争之后，中华民族更是陷入积贫积弱、任人宰割的悲惨状况。想起这一段历史，我们心中都有刻骨铭心的痛。经过几代人努力，我们从来没有像今天这样离实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标如此之近，也从来没有像今天这样更有信心、更有能力实现中华民族伟大复兴。这是中华民族的一个重要历史机遇，我们必须牢牢抓住，决不能同这样的历史机遇失之交臂。这就是我们这一代人的历史责任，是我们对中华民族的责任，是对前人的责任，也是对后人的责任。
China was once a leading economic power in the world. However, when Europe was swept by the Industrial Revolution and the world underwent a period of profound changes, China missed out on the historic opportunity to develop in step with the rest of the world, gradually descending to the point of being unable to defend itself against foreign aggression. After the Opium War, in particular, the Chinese people sunk further into the miserable plight of poverty and weakness, being trampled over at will. The painful memories of this period of history have been etched in our hearts. However, following several generations of efforts, we are now closer than ever to realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and more confident and able than ever to make this a reality. This is a crucial historic opportunity for the Chinese nation, and it is imperative that we seize it. Under no circumstances can we allow such an opportunity to slip away from us. This is the historic responsibility of our generation. It is our responsibility to the Chinese nation, to our forbearers, and to later generations.
党的十八届五中全会提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，这是在深刻总结国内外发展经验教训、深入分析国内外发展大势的基础上提出的，集中反映了我们党对我国经济社会发展规律的新认识。按照新发展理念推动我国经济社会发展，是当前和今后一个时期我国发展的总要求和大趋势。古人说：“随时以举事，因资而立功，用万物之能而获利其上。”我国网信事业发展要适应这个大趋势。总体上说，网信事业代表着新的生产力、新的发展方向，应该也能够在践行新发展理念上先行一步。
Last year, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee introduced the principles of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development. Based on our profound summary of domestic and international experiences and lessons in development, and on our in-depth analysis of domestic and international trends, these five principles reflect a new understanding of the underlying laws governing China’s economic and social progress. Advancing China’s economic and social development in line with these principles will constitute both the main requirement and trend of our country’s development in the period ahead. There is an ancient saying, “A wise man inaugurates works in accordance with the times, accomplishes merits by means of resources, and employs the utilities of the myriad things to get benefits from them.” In keeping with this sentiment, it is important that our country’s Internet and IT-related undertakings adapt to this major trend that we have identified. Generally speaking, the Internet and IT represent a new productive force and new direction of development, and for this reason they can and should take the lead in putting our new principles of development into practice.
我国经济发展进入新常态，新常态要有新动力，互联网在这方面可以大有作为。我们实施“互联网+”行动计划，带动全社会兴起了创新创业热潮，信息经济在我国国内生产总值中的占比不断攀升。当今世界，信息化发展很快，不进则退，慢进亦退。我们要加强信息基础设施建设，强化信息资源深度整合，打通经济社会发展的信息“大动脉”。党的十八届五中全会、“十三五”规划纲要都对实施网络强国战略、“互联网+”行动计划、大数据战略等作了部署，要切实贯彻落实好，着力推动互联网和实体经济深度融合发展，以信息流带动技术流、资金流、人才流、物资流，促进资源配置优化，促进全要素生产率提升，为推动创新发展、转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构发挥积极作用。
China has entered a new normal of economic development. The new normal requires new drivers of growth, and the Internet has enormous potential to deliver. The “Internet Plus” action plan we are carrying out has led to a surge in innovation and entrepreneurship throughout our society, and the information economy is accounting for an increasingly large share of our national GDP. The application of IT is occurring extremely rapidly around the world. If we do not forge ahead, or if we are too slow, we will be thrown back by the current. It is therefore important that we step up the development of information infrastructure, enhance the deep integration of information resources, and open up the information “artery” of economic and social development. The Fifth Plenary Session and 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) have both laid out plans for implementing the national cyber development strategy, the “Internet Plus” action plan, and the national big data strategy. It is important that these plans are carried out effectively. This means making rigorous efforts to integrate the Internet more deeply into the real economy, using information flows to facilitate the flow of technology, capital, talent, and materials, and improve resource allocation and increase total factor productivity, so as to develop innovatively, transform the economic growth model, and restructure the economy.
网信事业要发展，必须贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想。这是党的十八届五中全会提出的一个重要观点。要适应人民期待和需求，加快信息化服务普及，降低应用成本，为老百姓提供用得上、用得起、用得好的信息服务，让亿万人民在共享互联网发展成果上有更多获得感。相比城市，农村互联网基础设施建设是我们的短板。要加大投入力度，加快农村互联网建设步伐，扩大光纤网、宽带网在农村的有效覆盖。可以做好信息化和工业化深度融合这篇大文章，发展智能制造，带动更多人创新创业；可以瞄准农业现代化主攻方向，提高农业生产智能化、经营网络化水平，帮助广大农民增加收入；可以发挥互联网优势，实施“互联网+教育”、“互联网+医疗”、“互联网+文化”等，促进基本公共服务均等化；可以发挥互联网在助推脱贫攻坚中的作用，推进精准扶贫、精准脱贫，让更多困难群众用上互联网，让农产品通过互联网走出乡村，让山沟里的孩子也能接受优质教育；可以加快推进电子政务，鼓励各级政府部门打破信息壁垒、提升服务效率，让百姓少跑腿、信息多跑路，解决办事难、办事慢、办事繁的问题，等等。这些方面有很多事情可做，一些互联网企业已经做了尝试，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。
If China’s Internet and IT undertakings are to develop, it is essential that they revolve around the people. This is an important notion that was introduced at the Fifth Plenary Session last year. Responding to the expectations and demands of the people, we must work faster to bring IT-based services to more people, reduce application costs, and provide the public with information services that are useful, affordable, and high in quality, thus enabling millions upon millions of Chinese people to gain a stronger sense of benefit from the development of the Internet. Compared to cities, the development of Internet infrastructure in the countryside is an area in which we are falling short. By devoting more resources, we need to accelerate the development of the Internet in the countryside and extend the effective coverage of fiber-optic networks and broadband in rural areas. To encourage more people to innovate and start their own business, we can carry out a major initiative to integrate IT into industry and develop smart manufacturing. To help the farming population raise their incomes, we can focus on the main areas of agricultural modernization and enhance the application of smart technology and the Internet in agricultural production and operation. And to promote equal access to basic public services, we can give play to the Internet’s strengths by launching initiatives such as “Internet plus education,” “Internet plus health care,” and “Internet plus culture.” At the same time, we can make full use of the Internet as a driving force in the fight against poverty, using it to promote targeted poverty alleviation and get agricultural products out of rural areas, enabling more people living in difficulty to get online, and ensuring that children in remote mountainous areas are also able to enjoy high quality education. We can also accelerate the development of e-government, encouraging government departments to disassemble information barriers and raise service efficiency, so that members of the public are required to make fewer visits to government departments in person and find it less difficult, time-consuming, and laborious to get things done. There is a great deal we can do. Some Internet companies have already started to experiment in these areas, and have yielded positive economic and social effects.
有专家提出，我们的国家治理中存在信息共享、资源统筹、工作协调不够等问题，制约了国家治理效率和公共服务水平。这个问题要深入研究。我们提出推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，信息是国家治理的重要依据，要发挥其在这个进程中的重要作用。要以信息化推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，统筹发展电子政务，构建一体化在线服务平台，分级分类推进新型智慧城市建设，打通信息壁垒，构建全国信息资源共享体系，更好用信息化手段感知社会态势、畅通沟通渠道、辅助科学决策。
Experts have pointed out that insufficient information sharing, resource pooling, and work coordination has held back the efficiency of China’s national governance and prevented increases in the standard of public services. This is a problem that will need to be studied in depth. China has introduced the target of modernizing its national governance system and capacity. Information, as an important basis for national governance, should play a significant role in this process. Using IT application as a means of modernizing our national governance system and capacity, we need to coordinate the development of e-government, build integrated online service platforms, develop smart cities on a tiered and per-category basis, and break down information barriers to establish a national framework for the sharing of information resources, so that we are better equipped to use information-based approaches to perceive social trends, open channels of communication, and support sound decision making.