2010年考研英语模拟题 (第四套)

Text 4
Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child's individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.

There is some relationship between age and children's characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection.

Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls' adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents' fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.

1. Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to parental divorce because_____.
〔A〕 they care too much about the life change
〔B〕 the great stress of their families diminishes their ability
〔C〕 they tend to lose temper easily and are sensitive to the life change
〔D〕 they are faced with more parents' fights than the relaxed, easygoing children

2. The following statements are true EXCEPT_____.
〔A〕 divorce is usually caused by more than one reason
〔B〕 a six-year-old boy may fear being deserted by his parents
〔C〕 as the kids grow older, they have a better understanding of divorce
〔D〕 a young girl may feel more shameful on parental divorce than an older boy

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the impact of divorce_____.
〔A〕 on kids of different sexes will probably change as they grow older
〔B〕 may cause most kids' difficulties in communicating with others
〔C〕 on an irritable girl is greater than a noncompliant boy
〔D〕 is always greater on boys than on girls

4. According to the author, the reason why parental divorce has greater effect on boys than on girls is that_____.
〔A〕 all cultures encourage male aggression and noncompliance
〔B〕 boys are always involved in their parents' fights
〔C〕 males are usually viewed as the models in self-control and strong will
〔D〕 boys are basically more self-disciplined than girls

5. What is the main idea of the passage?
〔A〕 Parental divorce has a negative effect on children all through their life.
〔B〕 The impact of parental divorce on children varies in personality, age and gender.
〔C〕 Boys may become more aggressive than girls in disrupted families.
〔D〕 Kids of different ages behave differently on parental divorce.

答案
1. A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B

总体分析

本文介绍了父母离异对不同的孩子影响不同。
第一段：先提出造成孩子对父母离异有不同反应的几个因素，接着分析个性在孩子适应父母离异状况时的影响。
第二段：分析父母离异对不同年龄的孩子的影响。
第三段：分析父母离异对不同性别的孩子的影响。

试题精解

1. 喜怒无常、性格急躁的孩子很难适应父母的离异，因为_____。
〔A〕 他们对生活的变化太过在意
〔B〕 来自家庭的巨大压力削弱了他们的能力
〔C〕 他们往往很容易发脾气，而且对生活的变化很敏感
〔D〕 与个性温和、容易相处的孩子们比，他们面临父母更多的争吵

〔精解〕 本题考查事实细节。第一段第三句提到，"喜怒无常、性格急躁的孩子与个性温和、容易相处的孩子相比，更难以应对父母的离异，因为他们一般更难以适应生活上的变化"。该句中as引导原因状语从句。因此〔A〕为正确答案，其中"care too much about"是原文"have more difficulty adapting to"的改写。〔B〕有较大干扰性，该段第四句进一步分析指出，压力使孩子难以适应生活上的变化，但这种压力可能来自家庭也可能来自其它方面。〔C〕中前一部分"容易发脾气"不是原因，只能算是不适应环境的表现。〔D〕本身从文中无法推知，更不是原因。全文末句提到的是"男孩比女孩面临父母更多的争吵"。

2. 下面这些说法都是正确的，除了_____。
〔A〕 离异经常是由不止一个原因造成的
〔B〕 一个六岁的男孩也许会害怕被父母抛弃
〔C〕 当孩子长大后，他们对离异会有更好的理解
〔D〕 一个年幼些的女孩也许比一个年长些的男孩对父母离异更感到羞愧

〔精解〕 本题考查推理引申。第二段第三句提到，年长孩子对父母离异的羞愧、愤怒及自我反省心理取代了年幼孩子的困惑和恐惧心理。由此可见，年长的孩子更容易感到羞愧。〔D〕与事实相反。为本题的正确选项。该段第二句提到，长大的孩子更能意识到父母离异的决定不能简单归结于任何单一的原因。因此〔C〕正确，〔A〕是该句中提到的事实。第三句提到，8岁以后孩子对被抛弃的恐惧才会减少，因此可推出〔B〕符合事实。

3. 从文章中可以推知，离异_____。
〔A〕 （当不同性别的孩子长大时）其影响可能会产生变化
〔B〕 也许会造成大部分孩子交流时的困难
〔C〕 对一个性格急躁的女孩的影响比对一个性格温顺的男孩的影响要大
〔D〕 对男孩的影响总是比女孩大

〔精解〕 本题考查推理引申。全文提到了多个决定父母离异对孩子影响的因素，包括性格、年龄、性别。第一段指出，喜怒无常、性格急躁的孩子更容易受影响。第二段提到，随着年龄的增长，一些影响会消失或新的影响出现。第三段则提到，父母离异最初对男孩的影响较大，而女孩受到的影响较隐蔽，进入青春期或成年期后，新的问题又浮出水面。因此〔A〕是最全面的论述。文中没有提到"孩子交流"的问题，排除〔B〕。〔C〕涉及性别和个性两个因素，因此无法判断谁受到的影响更大；〔D〕太片面，只考虑了性别因素。

4. 根据作者的观点，父母离异对男孩的影响比女孩大的原因是_____。
〔A〕 所有文化都鼓励男人具有攻击性和不顺从
〔B〕 男孩总是被卷入父母的争吵中
〔C〕 男人总是被看作自律和意志坚强的模范
〔D〕 男孩基本上比女孩更自律

〔精解〕 本题考查推理引申。第三段中间作者提出了一个问题，怎样解释离婚对男孩影响比女孩大的原因呢？接下来文章从三个方面进行了解释：一，我们的文化更能容忍男孩具有攻击性和不驯服；二，男孩更希望树立起自律的强悍的男人形象，也希望父母严格自律；三，男孩较少受到他人的同情与支持。〔C〕符合第二点原因，是正确项。〔A〕错在"所有文化"，文章中是"我们的文化"。〔B〕错在"卷入（involved in）"，全文最后一句提到的是"男孩更容易看到（be exposed to）父母吵架"。〔D〕这种说法无从推知。

5. 文章的主旨大意是什么？
〔A〕 父母离异对孩子一生都有负面影响。
〔B〕 父母离异对孩子的影响随个性、年龄与性别而不同。
〔C〕 在破裂的家庭中男孩比女孩可能更具攻击性。
〔D〕 不同年龄的孩子对待父母离异的行为不同。

〔精解〕 本题考查文章主旨。文章第一、二句提出了全文的主题，即，经历父母离异的孩子会有不同的行为反应，它们取决于孩子的个性特点、性别及其在父母离婚时的年龄。文章接下来的内容分别围绕这三个因素展开分析和论述。因此〔B〕是文章主旨。

核心词汇或超纲词汇

(1)rate（v.）评估，评价，认为，如They ~d him highly as a colleague.（作为同事，他们对他评价甚高。）

(2)surface（v.）浮出水面；（隐藏或被掩盖一段时间后）露面，重新出现，显露，如She ~d again years later in London.（多年后她又出现在伦敦。）

(3)disciplinarian（n.）严格纪律信奉者；严格执行纪律者，如She's a very strict ~.（她执行纪律非常严格。）

全文翻译

尽管父母离异对孩子有普遍的负面影响，但经历父母离异的孩子会有不同的行为反应，记住这一点很重要。这些孩子具体的行为取决于他们的个性、特点、性别及其在父母离异时的年龄。在个性方面，那些被认为喜怒无常和性格急躁的孩子与个性温和又容易相处的孩子相比，更难以应对父母的离异，因为他们一般更难以适应生活上的变化。压力，比如在破裂家庭中产生的压力，似乎削弱了这些喜怒无常的孩子们适应环境的能力，压力越大，他们适应环境的能力越弱。相反，适度的压力实际上可以帮助那些个性温和的孩子学习如何应对逆境。
孩子的年龄与他们对父母离异所产生的独特反应有着某种联系。随着孩子年龄的增长，他们更可能自由表达各种各样复杂的感情，更可能理解这些情感，也更能意识到父母离异的决定不能简单归结于任何单一的原因。孩子在6岁后自我责备的心理几乎完全消失，8岁以后对被抛弃的恐惧减少，与此同时，年长孩子对父母离异的羞愧、愤怒及自我反省心理取代了年幼孩子的困惑和恐惧心理。

孩子的性别也是一个可以预测他们对父母离异反应特点的因素。父母离异最初对男孩的影响比女孩要大，因为男孩好斗，不像女孩那样温顺，在人际关系上存在更多的困难，而且在家中或在学校里会表现出不好的行为。不仅如此，男孩在父母离异两年后仍然表现出适应性问题。女孩的适应性问题更为隐蔽，不会外在表现出来，而且经常在父母离异两年内被解决。然而，当女孩进入青春期或成年期后，新的问题又会浮出水面。怎样解释离婚对男孩影响比女孩大的原因呢？男孩更具攻击性和不驯服可能反应这样一个事实，在我们的文化中这种行为发生在男孩身上更容易得到宽容与鼓励。而且，男孩可能特别希望树立起一个自律的强悍的男人形象，也特别希望父母自身就是纪律的严格执行者。最后，与女孩相比，男孩更容易看到父母吵架，而且，在父母离异后，他们也不大可能像女孩那样受到母亲、老师或者同龄人的同情和支持。