2010年考研英语七选五技巧

5)逻辑关系线索

　　(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more

　　例(大纲样题)

　　43    There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet。

　　〔A〕 The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known。
　　〔B〕 Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils, From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate。
　　〔C〕 The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air。
　　〔D〕 The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world。
　　〔E〕 The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks。
　　〔F〕 When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved。
　　〔G〕 Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form。

　　【解析】〔E〕本题选择的特征词是“also”。“also”表并列关系，语义上对前文进行补充和说明，这就证明本题前面的句子中应当与 also后的crab-like creatures(类似螃蟹的生物)相并列的内容，或者出现了有关“类似螃蟹的生物”的描述的信息。比较选项可以发现，选项〔E〕中出现的信息 Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the starfishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks描述了一些生物具有“类似螃蟹的信息”： had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rock(有长腕且通过长柄附着于海床或岩石上)。因此，选项 〔E〕是正确答案。

　　(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course

　　例(2005年真题)

　　Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price。

　　43  

    A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-coordinating office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join。

　　〔A〕 Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent!
　　〔B〕 Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies。”
　　〔C〕 What does “notional” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council。
　　〔D〕 The problem is simple and stark health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues。
　　〔E〕 According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healthcare spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices。
　　〔F〕 So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices。
　　〔G〕 Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but selfinterest would lead them to deal with it。

　　【解析】〔G〕试题前的一段讲到the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price(全国的机构是代表3100万人去谈判，潜在的顾客的人数越多，得到底价的可能性越高)。通过这段话可以得知，建立全国性机构后，医药的价格会下降，医药公司会做出反应，即上一个段落和本题之间是因果关系。因此选项〔G〕是正确答案。选项〔G〕中的of course 起承上启下的作用，表达了某种因果关系，从of course后面的语义来看，表达的正是关于医药公司的内容：Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream，这儿的scream 原作“尖叫”解，在这里作“高声抱怨”解。因此选项〔G〕是正确答案。
　　同时，本题还可以根据和后面一个段落之间的关系做出选择。从后面一个段落的第一句话A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency来看，讨论的是如何解决国家机构的问题，这是一个表示结果的句子，由此可以推知要填入的试题中一定会出现关于如何对待national agency的论述。选项〔G〕的最后一句话They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it表达的正是这个含义，不论从内容上，还是从措辞上和下文的内容非常的衔接，因此是正确答案。