2015考研英语：“望闻问切”中医四步把脉阅读

炎炎夏日逐渐过去，2015考研学子的复习还在热火朝天中。考研英语中，阅读分数占到了总分半壁江山，难怪说“得阅读者得考研”，那么考研阅读的题目到底该如何做，解题过程中需要注意些什么?跨考英语教研室刘正锋老师将从做题步骤的角度为大家揭秘考研英语阅读。中医看病讲究“望”、“闻”、“问”、“切”，考研阅读解题过程也可以分为这四步：

望：扫描题干，画关键词
闻：通读全文，抓出中心
问：仔细审题，返回原文
切：重叠选项，得出答案

下面就为大家介绍这四步的操作方法及作用：

1. 望：扫描题干，画关键词

也就是说要迅速扫读题干，标出其中的关键词，比如大写字母，人名，地名，数字，时间及核心实义词等，尤其是在所有题干出出现次数多于两次的词汇，这些词汇表达的内容往往是文章的中心所在。那么这么做的作用何在呢?
2000 T1中4个题干分别是

1. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.
2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
4. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.

那么，从这些题干中，我们可以把握这篇文章的主要写的美国经济发展过程，即美国经济在二战后处于主导地位， 80年代失去了其主导地位，90年代美国经济出现复苏。对于文章的脉络有了清晰的了解，理解文章就事半功倍了。
2000 T3 中题干分别为

1. This passage is mainly ________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement
[D] about laws and requirements of literature

2. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.

3. Futurists claim that we must ________.

4. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.

第一题问文章主旨，2题提到一种新的文学思想，3题提到未来主义者，4题提到未来主义诗歌，故本篇主要讲的应该是未来主义诗歌的问题，文章主旨即A review of Futurist poetry.

为何如此?因为一篇文章，要判断学生是否能够完全理解，主要要看能否理解文章主要传达的意义，故考研阅读所有的阅读题目基本都围绕着文章主旨展开，把握题干中多次出现的内容，就把握住了文章的中心。把握文章中心，既又有利于理解文章，也能够直接作出某些题目。

2. 闻：通读全文，抓出中心

通读全文：即通读 a. 文章首段;b.其余各段首; c.文章末段首末句

抓住中心：即阅读过程中要思考两个问题：a. 文章的主要内容是什么，有无核心概念; b. 作者对此态度如何?正面的?反面的?

2000 Text 3中，首句与其余各段首句内容如下：

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.

This, in brief, is what the Futurist says:

Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.

This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.

根据这些内容，看看下面的题目是不是都很容易做出来?

59. This passage is mainly ________.

[A] a survey of new approaches to art

[B] a review of Futurist poetry

[C] about merits of the Futurist movement

[D] about laws and requirements of literature

60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.

[A] determine its purposes

[B] ignore its flaws

[C] follow the new fashions

[D] accept the principles

62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.

[A] based on reasonable principles

[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people

[C] indicative of basic change in human nature

[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature

3. 问：仔细审题，返回原文

仔细审题即要把握住命题者意图，命题者意图是得分关键；

返回原文，最重要的是，要从题干的关键词出发，延伸到某一点，定位。定位原则有三：

①段落定位：出题顺序与行文顺序大体一致。
②题干定位：由题干出发，寻找题干中关键的信息。 首选大写字母，人名，地名，数字，时间等，然后是核心实义词定位。
③选项信息定位

4. 切：重叠选项，得出答案

重叠选项：将选项与原文表述仔细比对，重叠选项需要考虑的是选项陈述是否与原文一致。得出答案之前还需要考虑即便该选项与原文一致，但它是不是题目所需要的答案。近来来出现很多所答非所问的选项。在解答过程中，还需要注意正确答案往往是对原文内容的同义替换，而非照搬原词。

同义替换有三种：

①近义词替换或改写；②下义词---上义词替换；③具体名词---抽象名词替换

除此之外，还需要同学们注意，正确答案通常所具备的特征：

1. 正确答案通常与文章的主旨思想中心有关;

2. 正确答案具有概括性、深刻性;

3. 正确答案出题时运用的原则：原文信息的同义改写;原文信息的正话反说、反话正说;原文信息的归纳总结;

4. 正确答案常含有缓和语气的词，如may, might, possible, unnecessarily, some等;

5. 正确答案在文章中所处的位置在段首、段尾、转折关系处(but, yet, nevertheless, in fact)、因果关系处(because, owing to, so that)、条件关系处(if)、让步关系处(though, although)