2014考研英语重难点语法突破之主语从句

对于考研语法，好多考生都觉得“剪不断理还乱”，那么，如何才能将这“剪不断理还乱”的语法高效的掌握呢？上一节，小编谈到通过深入分析历年考研英语真题，归纳了五个频繁出现的语法重难点，主语从句就在其中，下面就主语从句这一语法点为同学们作一详解。

一、主语从句的定义：
在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。

二、常规主语从句示例：
连词that引导
1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
他在这么短的时间内完成了写作震惊了我们所有人。
2）That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。
3）That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
4）That he should have ignored the working class was natural.
他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
5）That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
6）That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。
7）That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village.
她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。

连词whether 引导
1）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
我们明天是否外出仍未可知。
2）Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
3）Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

关系代词型What引导
1）What caused the accident remains unknown. 什么原因引起了这场事故尚不清楚。
2）What we nee is time. 我们需要的是时间。
3）What we need are good doctors. 我们需要的是优秀的医生。
4）What’s done is done. 事已成定局。
5）What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。
6）What I am telling you is mere impressions.
我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。
7）What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
为河水增色的是水里的荷花。

连接代词引导
1）Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.
两强相争勇者胜。
2）Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
3）Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。
4）Whatever you did is right. 无论你做什么都是对的。

连接副词引导
1）When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
2）How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
3）How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。
4）Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。

关系代词Who, whom, whose引导
1）Whose watch was lost is unknown. 谁的表丢了还不知道。
2）Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet. 谁将是我们的班长还没有决定。
3）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
我们必须向谁学习是一个非常重要的问题。

三、常规主语从句语法规则小结：
1. 引导主语从句的连词有that, whether, who, whose, whom, what, whatever等。
2. 连词位于句首不能省略。
3. 主语从句大多数情况下视为“三单”（第三人称单数），但也有例外，如例3. 3）和3. 7）。

四、由it引导的形式主语从句
有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：
(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代替真正的主语：
It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。
It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。
It’s vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。
It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。
It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。
It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。
It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。
It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。
It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。
It’s unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。

(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。

(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可将助用形式主语。 如：
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。

(4) 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：
Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？
How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？

五、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)