2017考研英语：夯实基础语法

随着2016考研初试的结束，2017年考研党们将成为考研日历的主角。考研英语，一直是很多考生的拦路虎，那么就让我们从现在开始，夯实英语语法基础，为之后的复习备战做好准备。

A. 核心语法
 

一、非谓语动词（ V+ing, V+ed）

1、动名词

(1)作主语和宾语

Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。

(2)作介词宾语

We get pleasure from loving and being loved. 我们从爱别人和被别人爱中得到快乐。

2、分词作定语

（1）前置

The beginning student should be given more encouragement. 初学者应多给予鼓励。

A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body. 均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。

（2）后置

Those living on a mountain live off the mountain. 靠山吃山

Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen. 小时候受过良好教育的儿童长大会成为好公民。

3、分词作状语

Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息，他们立即出发到上海去了。

Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees. 从这个塔上远眺，紫金山南麓是树的海洋。

Printed white, the house looks bigger. 漆成白色后，这房子像是更大了。

Having written an important letter, I litsened to the music for a while. 写完一封重要的信之后，我听了一会儿音乐。

Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 持极端观点的人认为，人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，所以对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. 对于计算机课堂教学，人们在观点上存在着一条无形的界线：有人认为应从学生的就业前景来考虑这一问题，而另一些人认为应从推行彻底的教育改革方面来更加全面地考虑计算机进入教室这一问题。

（区别动名词短语作主语）

Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. (2005-49) 创造一种能够尊重不同文化与传统的欧洲特色并不是一件很容易的事情，而这些文化传统将会成为维系欧洲大陆的基础结构，这需要一种战略性的选择。

4、独立主格结构

Mary coming back, they discussed it together. (= When Mary came back…) 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。

Health and persistence given, one can do great things. (=If health and persistence are given…) 有健康的身体和顽强的毅力的话，一个人能做出伟大的事情。

The moon having risen, they took a walk in the fields. (= When the moon had risen…) 月亮升起后，他们在田野里散步。

So much time having been spent, the work is only half done. (=Though so much time has been spent…) 虽然花了这么多时间，这项工作才做了一半。

But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. 但是由于作业在成绩中所占的比例不超过10%，学生很可能少做一半的作业，而在他们的成绩单上也不会有什么差别。