2017考研英语：夯实基础语法

1，现在完成进行时

I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come. 我已等了一个小时，但她还没有来。

2，过去将来时

He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop. 他说他要在车站等我们的。

3，将来完成时

The concert will begin at half past eight. They will have played half an hour when you arrive. 音乐会将在8点半开始。你达到时，他们就将已演奏半小时了。

二、 “it”作形式主语

1，It is painful to read these round about accounts today. 现在来看这些拐弯抹角的理由是令人心痛的。

2，It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive.） 尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初动机的一部分。

3, It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. 一个值得注意的有趣现象是，在那些以粗面粉和蔬菜为主食的国家里，某些疾病相对少些。

4, I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice. 我同样认为欧洲应该日益团结起来，发出共同的声音，这是符合全世界的利益的。

三、 虚拟语气

1, If he were here this evening, we would play cards. 如果他今晚在这里的话，我们就玩牌。

2, If I had known her address, I would have visited her last week. 上周如果我知道她的地址的话，我就去拜访她了。

3, Were they got married, they would be happy. 要是他们结婚的话，他们会幸福的。

4, Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract. 要是你早些告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。

5, Coke town was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and the ashes had allowed it. 科克镇以前是由红色的砖建成的，确切点说，要不是由于烟雾和灰尘的话，它本应是红色的。

6, They do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been, had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 他们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。

7, If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. （2011） 如果环境总是能够决定人的生活和前景，那么人性就不曾进步过。

8, Those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times. 那些名牌大学的毕业生能够很快地达到良好经济时期他们本该拥有的地位。

9, This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make. 人才流失问题一直困扰着贫困国家的决策者们。他们担心这会对本国的经济造成损害，造成国家急需的技术人员的流失，这些人本可以任教于国内的大学，也可以在国内的医院工作，或者是构思出更加优越的产品供国内工厂去生产。

四、比较

1, Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. 通常，铁路公司对这些“受制”客户的收费要比存在另一家铁路公司竞争时高出20%至30%。

2, When they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined. 在试图模仿人类思维时，研究人员发现，人类大脑中大约有1000亿个神经细胞，比以前所认为的要更具天赋，人类的感知过程也更复杂。