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2015考研英语十二大基础语法体系:It用法详解

2014-08-05来源:和谐英语

十一、It用法详解

it 在英语中的意思较多,用法较广,现总结如下。

(一)it作句子的真正主语

1.it 指前面已经提到过的人或事物,有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物,作真正主语。

例如:

What’s this? -It is a sheep? 这是什么??这是一只绵羊。

Who is it? -It’s me (I). 谁??是我。

It’s the wind shaking the window. 是风刮得窗户响。

2.it指时间、季节。一般用在无人称动词的主语。

例如:

What time is it? -It’s nine. 几点了??九点了。

It’s time for the meeting. Let’s go. 开会的时间到了,我们走吧。

What day is today? -It’s Saturday. 今天星期几??今天星期六。

What’s the date today? -It is October 1st.

今天是几号? ?今天是十月一日。

What season is it? -It is summer. 现在是什么季节??是夏季。

3.it 指气候。一般作无人称动词的主语。

例如:

Is it cold in this room? -No, it isn’t. 屋里冷吗??不冷。

What’s the weather like today? -It is fine.

今天天气怎么样??是晴天。

It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.

这个城市夏天经常下雨,冬天经常下雪。

4.it指距离、情况等。一般用作无人称动词的主语。

例如:

It is five kilometers from my home to the school.

从我家到学校有五公里。

It is very near from this factory to that one.

从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。

It is a long way to the sea. 离海很远。

Is it well with you? 你身体好吗?

(二)it作形式主语

动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用,而这一部分用词较多时,可以用it作为形式主语,放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。

1.It +谓语+动词不定式。It 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。

例如:

It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艰难的。

It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是个好习惯。

It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。

It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。

2.It+谓语+动名词短语。It 作形式主语,动名词短语作真正的主语。

例如:

It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。

It is no use learning without thinking. 学而不思则罔。

It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。

3.It +谓语+名词性从句。It 作形式主语,以that 引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。

例如:

It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.

你没看这么好的电影,真可惜。

It is certain that we shall succeed. 我们一定会成功。

It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.

真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。

(It is strange that…后面可用虚拟语气。

如:It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.

他居然犯了这样一个错误,真奇怪。

It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.居然没有人知道他住在哪里,真奇怪。)

It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.

据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。

(三)it作形式宾语


it 作形式宾语,代表其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是以that 引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。例如:

I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.

我认为你们中国学生学习英语,不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。

I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.

我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。

I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.

我记得向你明确表示过我不来。

They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.

他们要向公众表明,他们在做一件重要而又必要的工作。

(四)it 用于强调结构


在表示强调的结构中,it 可用作先行代词,这种结构的句型如下:It +is/was +被强调的部分+that +其他部分。如果强调的部分是人,可用who, whom 代替that.

例如:Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.王教授每星期一下午教我们英语

强调主语:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

强调间接宾语:It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.

强调直接宾语:It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.

强调状语:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.

It was here that I first met him. 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。

(强调状语)

It is the people who are realy powerful.