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2016考研英语复习:倒装(一)

2015-04-01来源:和谐英语

我们知道,英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”,这种语序称为陈述句语序;如果把谓语的全部或一部分置于主语之前,就称为倒装语序。当谓语全部置于主语之前,称为全部倒装;当谓语一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前,称为部分倒装。

(一) there be句型

There be句型在1989-2014年的英语一的真题中出现了73次,可见其重要性。

例句1:There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. (2014英语一text2)

分析:one path for a lawyer is there 是原来的语序,现在倒装在后面,冒号解释说明为什么是一条路。冒号后面有两个中心主语:a four-year undergraduate degree和a three-year law degree,authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam 做后置定语。

翻译:在美国的大多数州,想要成为一名律师,只有一条路可循:首先要接受四年的、与法律完全不相关的某门课程的学习;此外,还要在美国律师协会所认可的200所法律学校中某一所进行为期三年的学习并获得法学学位。

例句2 :Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (2007年英语一完型)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中a belief 与 that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系,形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。

翻译: 他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家,大到经济上可运行良好,并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。

(二) 有时一些表示存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型,如:stand, lie, exist, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等。在作文描图中,建议考生多用


例句3:在2012年的英语一大作文中,我们就能这么描述:What the profound cartoon reflects is a not uncommon social phenomenon, from which we can observe that in this cartoon stand two men and a bottle of milk.

分析:本来是two men and a bottle of milk stand in this cartoon.

(三) here, there等词置于句首


here, there, now, then, thus, hence  置于句首而主语不是人称代词时,主谓倒装;如果主语是人称代词或非人称代词,主谓不倒装。

例句4: Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.(2002年Text 1)

分析: 该句是复合句,which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修饰story。

翻译: 举个例子,在一次护士大会上,我听到了一个效果很理想的幽默故事,因为听众都对医生持有相同的看法。

(四) 表示方向、地点,伴随等状语置于句首

up, down, away, here, in, out, off 等置于句首时,需要全部倒装。

例子5:With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.(2000年text4)

分析:分号前的原本的语序是centralization has come with economic growth,伴随状语前置,句子全部倒装。

翻译:随着经济的发展,居住集中化也接踵而至,在日本一亿一千九百万人当中,足有76%的人生活在城市,社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去,取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。