2016考研英语：十二大基础语法体系之名词性从

宾语从句

在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。

1.that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略：如：

I really feel she’s making a mistake. 我的确感到她正犯错误。

James said (that) he was feeling better. 詹姆斯说他感到好些了。

Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him. 听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他。

I suggested that we should go home. 我建议我们回家去。虚拟语气，that 一般不能省略。

2.whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”，常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不与or not连用。如：

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。

Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声。

3.在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词的宾语从句中，否定不用在从句中，而是将think 等词变为否定形式。

For example:

I don’t think the film is interesting. 我觉得这部电影没什么意思。

I don’t suppose we are going outing tomorrow. 我认为我们明天不会出去郊游。

4.如果从句作宾语而后面还有补语，为了保持句子的平衡，用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在句尾。常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take….for granted等。如：

George made it clear that he opposed this project. 乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目。it 代表that 引导的句子，作宾语，clear 是宾语补足语。

They kept it quiet that he was dead. 对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣。

I took it for granted that you’d stay with us. 我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起。

C、同位语从句

同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when, where 等疑问词。如：

The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise. 美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊。

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。

People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。

The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money. 困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。

They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了。

注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略;而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。如：

The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense. 有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(同位语从句)

The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(定语从句)

No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(定语从句)

No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss. 没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(同位语从句)