2016考研英语:十二大基础语法体系之It用法详解
1)该上课了,快。
It is time for class. Hurry up.
2)从这儿到你们学校远吗??不远,大约一公里。
Is it far from here to your school? ?No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.
3)从我家到颐和园去很近。
It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.
4)(天)正在下雨。
It’s raining now.
5)电灯是爱迪生发明的。
It was Edison who invented the electric light.
6)我认为学习一门外语是很重要的。
I think it important to learn a foreign language.
7)他通常一天读两次英语。
He made it a rule to read English twice a day.
8)从我家去天安门广场坐公共汽车大约要一个小时。
It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.
反意疑问句
反意疑问句相当于“对不对?”“好不好?”“行不行?”,用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加疑问短语,中间用逗号隔开,所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。通常的形式是:肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问,或否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问。
如:
He studies English, doesn’t he?
He doesn’t study English, does he?
They are from America, aren’t they?
They are not from America, are they?
反意疑问句的主要形式:
1.如果主句是be或其他助动词(如can, shall, will 等),其反意疑问句用同一助动词。
如:
We are late, aren’t we?
You haven’t met my wife, have you?
He can drive a car, can’t he?
They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they?
You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you?
2.如果主语带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定词或半否定词时,因为主句本身具有否定意义,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定式,
如:
We seldom go to the cinema, do we?
Sue almost never worked, did she?
3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”结构,由于”am not” 没有相应的缩略形式,附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I 代替。
如:
I am your friend, aren’t I?
I’m late, aren’t I?
I am a student, aren’t I?
在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.
4. 在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.
如:
Sit down, will you?
Have some tea, won’t you?
Open the window, won’t you?
这种句子可以理解为: Will you do something?
如:Will you open the window?
注意:否定的祈使句之后,只能用will.
如:
Don’t forget, will you?
Don’t make so much noise, will you?
5.以Let’s… 开头的祈使句,肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如:
Let’s go back to our seats, shall we?
Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?)
这种句子可以理解为:Shall we (do something?),
如:Shall we go back to our seats.这样有助于理解和记忆。
注意:Let’s 与Let us 的区别:Let’s包括听话人在内,应用shall we, 而Let us 不包括听话人在内,表示“请你让我们…”,要用will you.
如:
Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建议)
Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示请求)
6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等时,附加疑问部分则往往与that 从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。
如:
I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?
(这句话明显是要问“你是不是知道?”而不是问“我是不是这样认为?”)
I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?
7.当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时,附加疑问既可用have, 也可用do,
如:
You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?
当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时,附加疑问要用do,
如:
You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?
They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?
8.There be句型的反意疑问句,用there 作主语。
如:
There is something wrong, isn’t there?
There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦,是吗?
9.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时,其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they.
如:
Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?
英语反意疑问句的回答有点和汉语的相反。但一定要记住:只要回答是肯定的,都用yes,只要回答是否定的,都用no。这在主句是否定句的时候要特别注意。
例如:
Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?No, he can’t.琼斯先生不会讲法语,对吗?对,他不会讲法语。
Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?Yes, he can.琼斯先生不会讲法语,对吗?不,他会讲法语。
This is not a door, is it? -Yes, it is. It is an iron door.这不是门,对吗?不,这是门,是扇铁门。