2000年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

　　Passage 5

　　If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over one's destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, However, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own the that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.

　　Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, " Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."

　　The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where the are not extremely unattractive.

As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

　　67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____.

　　[A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices

　　[B]it is rewarded with money, fame and power

　　[C]its goals are spiritual rather than material

　　[D]it is shared by the rich and the famous

　　68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____ .

　　[A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words

　　[B]too late to check ambition once it has been let out

　　[C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal

　　[D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition

　　69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____ .

　　[A]they think of it as immoral

　　[B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth

　　[C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits

　　[D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

　　70.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained_____ .

　　[A]secretly and vigorously

　　[B]openly and enthusiastically

　　[C]easily and momentarily

　　[D]verbally and spiritually

　　PartⅣEnglish-Chinese Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly no ASWER SHEET2.（15points）

　　Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71）

　　Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, of in they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

　　73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example.74）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.75）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

　　PartⅤWriting（15points）

　　76.Directions:

　　A. study the following two pictures carefully and write and essay of at least 150 words.

　　B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:

　　1.Describe the pictures.

　　2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures.

　　3.Suggest counter-measures.

　　2000年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案

　　Part I Structure and Vocabulary（20points）

　　Section A

　　1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C

　　Section B

　　11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.D

　　Section C

　　21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.D

　　26.A 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.B

　　31.B 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.C

　　36.A 37.A 38.D 39.B 40.C

　　PartⅡ Cloze Test（10points）

　　41.C 42.A 43.B 44.A 45.C

　　46.D 47.B 48.D 49.C 50.D

　　Part III Reading Comprehension（40points）

　　51.C 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.C

　　56.B 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.A

　　61.C 62.D 63.B 64.D 65.C

　　66.A 67.A 68.C 69.D 70.B

　　PratⅣ English-Chinese Transation（15points）

　　71.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。

　　72.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

　　73.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求， 不断接触到新的习俗的思想， 由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

　　74.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中， 其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久， 而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

　　75.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易）造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

　　Prat V Writing （15 poingts）

　　76.（略）