实战口语情景对话 第816期:Organ Donation 器官捐赠

Todd: So, Greg, you have a new book out, and you're book has lots of controversial topics, and one of the topics is organ donation. So first can you explain what organ donation is?
托德：格雷格，你出了本新书，这本书涉及了很多争议话题，其中一个就是器官捐赠。首先，请你解释一下什么是器官捐赠？

Greg: Sure. Organ donation is when a person living or dead allows his or her organs to be used in another person.
格雷格：好的。器官捐赠是指活人或死人将器官捐赠给另一个人的行为。

Todd: So for example like you donate a liver, or kidney or something like that.
托德：举例来说，就是捐赠肝、肾等器官的行为。

Greg: That's right.
格雷格：没错。

Todd: And usually they have to get it... the person who dies, they have to get it soon.
托德：实际上，他们要……人死了之后，他们要立即取出捐赠的器官。

Greg: Yes, that 100% right.
格雷格：对，完全正确。

Todd: So is this something that's common in most countries?
托德：这是大多数国家的通常做法吗？

Greg: Well, actually some countries do not allow organ and tissue donation, or they allow only some organs, some tissues and not allow others.
格雷格：实际上有些国家不允许器官捐赠和组织捐赠，或者只允许一些器官和组织的捐赠，其他的不允许。

Todd: You know, your book is about controversial topics. What is controversial about organ donation?
托德：你的书里涉及了很多争议话题。那器官捐赠有什么争议？

Greg: Oh, there's a lot of controversial aspects to organ donation. Again, as I mentioned there are differences in every country. Some countries do not allow organ donation. Some allow some organs and won't others and there are also cases where say maybe a thousand people need a kidney but there's only fifty kidneys. Who is gonna get it? Should the kidney go to the sickest person but who might die? Should it go to the oldest person? Should it go to the youngest person? Should it go to the richest person? How do you decide? What's a fair way to decide?
格雷格：器官捐赠有很多争议。就像我刚才提到的，每个国家对器官捐赠有不同的规定。一些国家不允许器官捐赠。还有些国家只允许特定器官的捐赠，不允许其他器官的捐赠，也许需要肾移植的人有1000人，可是只有50个肾脏可以移植。那谁能进行手术？这些肾脏是要移植给那些生病最严重、可能会死亡的人？还是要移植给最年长的人？还是给最年轻的人？或是给最富有的人？要怎么决定？怎么公平地做决定？

Todd: Now, also I think in your book you were talking about medical tourism. Can you explain what that is?
托德：我想你的书中还提到了医疗旅游。你能解释一下吗？

Greg: Medical tourism is when people go to a country for the purpose of medical treatment which they can't get in their country either cause the treatment is not allowed or it's too expensive. You know, relating back to the question of controversy, there are lot of countries in the world which are very poor, and people are willing to sell their organs actually, so you have rich Arabs, rich Americans, rich Japanese, rich British people, people from any rich country, can't get an organ in their own country, and they'll go to a poor country to buy organs from poor people. Is that right? In some places it's illegal. There are also laws in many countries that say someone must, before they die, give permission for the body parts to be used, but those body parts are sometimes taken from people after their death without permission.
格雷格：医疗旅游是人们以医疗为目的前往另一个国家的行为，因为他们在本国无法接受治疗，或是治疗方法在本国不被允许，或是医疗费用太高。我们再回到刚才的争议问题上，世界上有许多国家非常贫穷，这些国家的人想卖器官挣钱，而有钱的阿拉伯人、美国人、日本人、英国人，那些有钱国家的人在自己的国家无法得到捐赠的器官，他们就会去贫穷的国家，从穷人那里买器官。这种做法对吗？在有些地方这种做法是非法的。许多国家的法律明确规定，活人捐赠器官必须得到许可，而有时死人捐赠身体器官是未经许可的。

Todd: Yeah, that's pretty controversial stuff. That's pretty deep.
托德：对，这是备受争议的问题。是非常严肃的问题。

Greg: Yeah.
格雷格：对。