专业八级改错练习 第91期

Adam Smith, writter in the 1770s, was the first peson to
see the importance of the division of labor and to explain
part of its advantage. He gives as an example the process
which pins were made in England."One man draws out __1__
the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points
it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head.
To make the head require two or three distinct operations. To__2__
pur it on is a separate operation, to publish the pins is another.
It is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper. And the
important business of making pins are, in the manner, divided__3__
into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories
are all performed by different people, though in other the same __4__
man will sometimes perform two of three of them." Ten men,
Smith said, in this way, turned twelve pounds of pins a day or__5__
about 4800 pins apiece. But if all of them had worked
seperatel and dependently without division of labor, they__6__
certainly could not each of them have twenty pins in a day
and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that
division of labor, provide that it is not taken too far, is an __7__
efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make
more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took them for__8__
granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for
the economic growth and development and that it accounts __9__
for the difference between expanding economies and those
that stand still. But division of labor adds something new; it __10__
only enables people to produce more of what they already have.