冲击波英语专八系列：听力部分讲座题型特点

2. 细节题
要点题是讲座要点部分的填空，那么细节题就是关于要点之下细节内容的填空。细节题大致可以分为三种：直截了当型，变换词性型和变换思维角度型。

1) 直截了当型
这样的细节题可以把讲座的细节直接用来填空。因为讲座内容和需要填入的内容完全吻合，所以只要笔记记录下来，就可以正确回答。

2005年讲座：
III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research Paper
In choosing a topic, …
Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topic
Question No. 2: availability of relevant information on the chosen topic
Question No. 3: narrowing the topic down to (9)
Question No. 4: asking questions about (10)

第9，10题非常直观，讲座中已经直接明了地提出来了：Question number 3: Can you cut the topic down to a manageable size? Question number 4: What questions can you ask about the topic itself ? 所以答案分别是a manageable size和the topic itself。

2006年讲座：
But different time periods and different (6) perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in a text.

第6题的填空和讲座的内容基本相同，可以直接根据笔记来填空。讲座中提到In different time periods, with different cultural perspectives, including class, belief and world view... can arrive at different interpretations of texts. 在不同时期，由于对种族、信仰、世界观等产生了不同的文化观点，人们会对文本产生不同的理解。因此答案是cultural。

2008年讲座：
C. Number of people speaking English as a fi rst or a second language:
— 320-380 million native speakers
—250- (2) million speakers of English as a second language
此题很明显是关于数字的细节题，主要考查对数字的敏感度。每当录音中有数字出现时，都应该立即抓住这一信息，并准确记录下来。录音原文是：between 250 to 350 million as a second language，可以直接根据笔记填写。

2009年讲座：
III. Structure of an experimental report
— feature: highly structured and (3)
— sections and their content:
该题的填空和讲座内容完全一致，可以直接根据笔记来填空。讲座中提到：A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and these sections, by and large, follow an established sequence. 因此，答案为disciplined。

2010年讲座：
C. proximity, posture and echoing
1. proximity: physical distance between speakers
— closeness: intimacy or threat
— (7) : formality or absence of interest
该题的填空部分与讲座内容基本一致。讲座中提到：The distance may show formality or lack of interest. 因此答案为distance。

2011年讲座：
B. examples
— personal space
— preference for (3) (3)
— less respect for privacy/personal space
— attention to (4) (4)
讲座中出现的信息基本适用于这两个填空题。根据First, in terms of personal space, generally speaking in a high context culture, because there’s greater dependency on group thinking, people lean toward heavier sensory involvement or closeness to people and they have less respect for privacy, for personal space.可知高语境文化中的人际距离较近，因此第三题答案只要符合原意即可，包括physical/sensory closeness/sensory involvement/standing closer/closer distance等。第四题属直接拷贝型。根据原文And also, people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language即可得出答案为body language。

2012年讲座：
People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behavior. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.
Differences daily life observation
— casual
— (1) ________
— dependence on memory
research observation
— (2) _________
— careful record keeping
这一部分有关行为观测的取样问题。讲座中提到：For instance, when we casually observe, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations, instead we rely on our memory of events. 说明生活中的行为观察没有正式记录，仅依赖记忆，所以第一个空格中填入细节信息no formal records。

同时，讲座一开始就对生活中的行为观察和科研中的行为观察进行了对比，指出科研中的观测更具系统性和客观性：Observations in research, on the other hand, are made under precisely defi ned conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner and with careful record keeping。因此第二个空格的答案为：systematic/objective manner。

2) 转换词性型
直截了当型的填空出现频率并不高，一般需要经过思考才能填出适当的词，其中一些空格需要转换词性。

2005年讲座：
B.Characteristics:
1. survey-type paper:
— to gather
— to quote
— to (5)
此题要求转换词性填空。讲座里说：Instead through quotations, summary, and paraphrase, you try to provide a... 讲座里的summary 和paraphrase是名词，而填空里需要的是动词，所以把它转成summarize / paraphrase 就是答案了。

2009年讲座：
— tasks to fulfi ll in an experimental report:
— introduction to relevant area
— necessary background information
— development of clear arguments
— defi nition of technical terms
— precise description of data (8)
此题要求转换词性填空。讲座里说：...and five, provided precise details of the ways in which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained. 讲座里的collect和 analyze都是动词，而填空里需要的是名词或后置定语，因此需要转换成collection andanalysis或者collected and analyzed。

3) 变换思维角度型
这一类的填空在历年考题当中虽不多见，但有必要分析一下。讲座者做讲座的时候面对的是听众，而填空题的提纲面对的是读者。这是两种从不同角度传达意思的方法，因此有变换角色的需要。

2005年讲座中就出现了这样一道题。
2. argumentative (research) paper：
a. The writer should do more, e.g.
— to interpret
— to question, etc.
b. (7) varies with the topic, e.g.
— to recommend an action, etc.
讲座中提到：What’s more, your purpose may vary with your topic. 讲座者当时是把听众当成写论文的作者，但是转换到填空题上的时候，就是另外一个角度，从局外泛泛地看论文写作的方法。所以需要转换成writer’s purpose，这才是正确答案。