托福TOEFL词汇题精选单词题400题（19）

　　361. When water is scarce (as is often the case on a mountain) , lichens may become dormant and remain in that condition for prolonged periods of time.
　　The word "prolonged" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) precise
　　(B) extended
　　(C) approximate
　　(D) regular
　　362. For decades, scientists wondered how the offspring of an alga and a fungus got together to form a new lichen; it seemed unlikely that they would just happen to encounter one another.
　　The word "encounter" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) lose
　　(B) support
　　(C) meet
　　(D) create
　　363. Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles for instruction, not amusement, though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional entertainment for the sake of more successful instruction.
　　The word "notwithstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) in spite of
　　(B) in addition to
　　(C) as a result of
　　(D) as a part of
　　364. As the children's book market expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally instructive enough to allay adult distrust of fiction.
　　The word "allay" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) clarify
　　(B) attack
　　(C) reduce
　　(D) confirm
　　365. The characters of children in this fiction were serious, conscientious, self-reflective, and independent --- strong>testimony to the continuing influence of the earlier American moralistic tradition in children's books.
　　The word" testimony to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) inspiration for
　　(B) evidence of
　　(C) requirement for
　　(D) development of
　　366. The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history presents a striking appearance.
　　The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) altered
　　(B) substituted
　　(C) experienced
　　(D) preserved
　　367. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
　　The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) special
　　(B) Known
　　(C) varied
　　(D) great
　　368. The term "latent heat" refers to the energy that has to be used to convert liquid water to water vapor.
　　The word "convert" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) mix
　　(B) change
　　(C) adapt
　　(D) reduce
　　369. In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun's incoming energy is used to evaporate water, primarily in the tropical oceans.
　　The word "primarily" in the line 19 is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) chiefly
　　(B) originally
　　(C) basically
　　(D) clearly
　　370. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
　　The word "ultimately" is closest in meaning to which of following?
　　(A) exceptionally
　　(B) dramatically
　　(C) eventually
　　(D) unfortunately