托福备考：副词的应用详细解析

　　托福备考经验中总结，副词是托福考试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样，是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来，有关副词的题目并不很难。所以托福备考中一定要复习到保证不失分。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。
　　副词常考题型及解题要点
　　1 副词与形容词的功能区别：形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分
　　[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians， who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s， is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)
　　[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。
　　[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century， it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
　　[答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid，而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
　　2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别
　　解题要点： 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型，主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中，应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。
　　全真例分析
　　(1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
　　(A) none
　　(B) no
　　(C) not
　　(D) never (94.1)
　　[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no，而非副词not。
　　(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
　　(A) No
　　(B) Nothing
　　(C) Not
　　(D) None (91.10)
　　[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。
　　(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground， some of it is lost through evaporation.
　　(A) Nowhere
　　(B) Not
　　(C) No
　　(D) None (91.8)
　　[答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配，表示的是部分否定，not all = sosme。
　　(4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
　　(A) none
　　(B) no
　　(C) not
　　(D) nor (90.5)
　　[答案] C 否定系词is，应用副词not。
　　(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
　　[答案] A Not 改为No.
　　3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词
　　hare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)
　　close (接近、形容词)- closely (接近、副词)
　　near (接近、形容词)- nearly (几乎、副词)
　　most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)
　　late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词)
　　全真例题分析
　　(1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader， worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
　　[答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。
　　(2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces， and become icebergs. (90.8)
　　[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。
　　(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
　　[答案] B most closely 改为most close。
　　以上托福备考中，总结到的题型主要有：(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。这三项是副词的考点，遇到副词题及时分辨，大家可以联想以上例子，迅速拿下副词题。