实例详解托福听力中细节题如何答

　　细节题托福听力考试中最常出现的题目，有的时候一篇对话或者讲座里面有2-3个细节题。细节题的特点就是如果你碰巧听到了，那么这道题的分数就归你了。如果你恰好没有听到，又不会其他的，那么就只能平时做好事攒人品了。

　　我们还是跟上次分析主旨题一样，从提问方式，解题技巧和选项特征三方面来分析一下细节题应该怎么做!

　　1. 提问方式

　　What point does the professor make when he mentions XXX?

　　According to the professor, what have the researchers agreed on?

　　What does the professor say about XXX?

　　2. 解题技巧

　　细节题的出题点比较固定，只要你能听出提示词，抓住相关的大部分内容，那么细节题还是很容易得分的。细节题的出题点大概分为如下几个方面：

　　a) 针对举例的部分进行提问

　　对话或者讲座中的举例一般都是细节题喜欢考察的点。它的提示词要么是for example, for instance, like, in thiscase这类的连接词，要么是具体的事例的名词。

　　What example does the professor give of a meme’s longevity?

　　l A story has been changing since it first appeared in the 1930s

　　l A person remembers a story for many years

　　l A gene is passed on through many generations without changing

　　l A song quickly becomes popular all over the world

　　这道题是TPO5的第二个讲座的题目。教授的这段话是这样的：

　　First, longevity. A replicator must exist long enough to be able to getcopied, and transfer its information. Clearly, the longer a replicator survives,the better its chances of getting its message copied and passed on. So longevityis a key characteristic of a replicator. If you take the alligator story, it canexist for a long time in individual memory, let’s say, my memory. I can tell youthe story now or ten years from now, the same with the twinkle, twinkle song. Sothese memes have longevity because they are memorable for one reason oranother.

　　这段话的前半部分介绍的是理论，然后通过这个鳄鱼的故事来解释这个理论。所以这道题的答案也是显而易见的B选项。

　　b) 针对定义和名词解释进行提问

　　在听力中经常会出现一些专有名词，有些专有名词一带而过，有些专有名词会在后面给出解释，如果我们听到带有解释的专有名词，就需要提起注意，因为它可能是一个考点。它的提示词有：itrefers to，that is，that means，This is to say，in other words ，in anotherwords等。

　　What started the runway effect that led to the Sahara area of north Africabecoming a desert

　　l the prevailing winds became stronger

　　l the seasonal rains moved to a different area

　　l the vegetation started to die off in large areas

　　l the soil lost its ability to retain rainwater

　　教授是这样说的：

　　What the Sahara experienced was um…a sort of “runaway drying effect”. As Isaid the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The landstarted to get drier, which in turn caused huge decrease in the amount ofvegetation, because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in dry soil, right? Andthen, less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil losesits ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture tohelp clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cyclecontinues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc.etc..

　　教授说完“runaway dryingeffect”之后，并没有转移话题，而是接着介绍了这个effect的过程到底是什么样的。如果我们能听到“runaway dryingeffect”之后的解释，那么这道题也可以迎刃而解。

　　c) 针对原因进行提问

　　在听力中，因为考虑到学生的能力，所以句子跟句子之间的逻辑关系没有阅读中那么复杂。因果关系是其中最好表述的一种，所以在听力中也是很常见的。它也是考点之一。前因后果：therefore，consequently，asa consequence，result in，lead to。前果后因：result from，originate from，arise outof。

　　According to the professor, what led scientists to characterize theNightcap Oak as primitive

　　l it has no evolutionary connection to other trees growing in Australiatoday

　　l it has an inefficient reproductive system

　　l its flower are located at the bases of the leaves

　　l it is similar to some ancient fossils

　　教授说：

　　Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it representsa very old type kind of tree that grew a hundred million years ago. Um, we foundfossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree. So, it’s aprimitive tree. A living fossil you might say.

　　我们可以看出，fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the treeà it’sa primitive tree。本题给出结果，对原因题型提问。所以D选项正确。

　　d) 针对结尾进行提问

　　通常我们在对话或者讲座的结尾都会走神，因为听力持续的时间太长，导致我们在听力快要结束的时候，松一口气的同时，注意力也不能集中在听力上了。但是往往结尾也是考点之一。

　　What is one way the professor mention that can help with artrestoration?

　　l By re-creating the pigments and binding agents used by artists of earliereras

　　l By removing pigments and binding agents that dissolve paintings overtime

　　l By creating protective coatings of paint that do not damage originalpaintings

　　l By developing ways to safely remove paint added by previous restorers

　　教授的最后一句话就是答案：

　　Then if we want to undo some bad restoration attempts, we can determinewhat kind of process we can use to remove them to dissolve the paint and uncoverthe original.

　　正确选项是D。在对话中，结尾的位置经常是教授提出建议的位置，或者是教授提出要求的位置。这样就更需要注意他们的内容，因为很大可能会出考题。所以在平时做题的时候，我们要努力克制，一定要听到最后。