做雅思阅读 记雅思词汇：True
2008-02-01来源:
这种题型和中国学生所熟悉的True or False题型有类似之处，主要是考查考生对阅读文章中某一特定信息点（information point）的理解。但大多数情况下，由于增加了第三项--- Not Given选项，因而大大增加了考题的不确定性与难度。 这种题型常见有以下几种出题形式：
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
Yes if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
No if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Given if there is no information about the statement in the passage
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
True if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
False if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Given if there is no information about the statement in the passage
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
Agree if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
Disagree if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Say if there is no information about the statement in the passage
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
Support if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
Contradict if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
No Evidence if there is no information about the statement in the passage
不管哪种形式，这种题型主要是衡量考生对阅读文章中some specific point of information的理解，而不是对全文或段落大意的概括。因此，一定要准确地在文中找到与考题相对应的句子，然后仔细比较二者之间的差异。比较要集中在句子的主语、谓语、宾语和状语，即句中主要的名词、动词和时间、地点、人名、数词等。由于考题很少以原句的形式出现，大多数情况下都被paraphrase了，因此要留意主要动、名词的近义词及一些主要的语法现象，如主动、被动语态的互换，倒装句，否定句等。做这类题的通常标准是：
问题句中的提法与文章意思完全一致， 或者文章中的意思范围比问题句所描述的范围大，可以包涵问题句的意思时，就选择正确（TRUE）。如
Text: He is a good student.
Question: He is a student.
答案应当是True。
如果问题句中的提法与文章的意思不相符，或者文章中的意思范围比问题句所描述的范围小，不能包含问题句的意思时，就选择错误（FALSE）。如果问题句中的提法在文章中没有提到，或者没有明确表述，就选择不相关（NOT GIVEN）。相比之下，选择TRUE/FALSE 要比选择NOT GIVEN 容易判断一些。因为这两种选择相对明确，对就是对，错就是错。而NOT GIVEN 很容易和FALSE混淆，让人拿不定主意，不知道到底该选哪一个。其实，只要仔细区分，也不难看出其中的区别：FALSE 是指与文章内容或提法相反的句子，而NOT GIVEN 是指无法在原文中找到相关内容的句子或提法。
有趣的是，考生常常能在MCQ题型中识别错误答案，但同样内容如果出现在TFN题型中就常常出错。如：
Text: There are 5 bus services in the town.
MCQ: How many bus services are there in the town?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6Obviously the answer is A.
But for a TFN question,
Question: The town has 4 bus services.
The answer should be No instead of Not Given. 因为题目的信息明显同原文的信息不符。
下面以练习题为例具体说明。 Sample exercise
E-mail change notice
To all those who are concerned:
A new service will be launched for the school alumni in the autumn of this year. This will include a life-long school alumni email address, access to alumni forum, and a whole range of specially developed services. The alumni office will be sending out information on how to sign up for this new service in the last week of November. You will then have the opportunity to request an alumni email account for as long as you like.
Due to the development of this new service, your current school network account will remain active only until the end of the Michaelmas Term (December), following which your access to the school main server, current email account and any personal web space you may have will be closed. Instructions on how to request an alumni account will be sent to you prior to this account closing. Please make sure that you take all your files with you before you leave. It is also advisable to set your mailbox to "Out of Office" well in advance, mentioning, "I will no longer be available at this address". This will help to alert people to the change in your email address.
This message applies to people who graduated within the last two years. If you are continuing to study here at the school this year, re-sitting exams, or have become a member of the staff, please get in touch with the IT Help Desk who will extend your current account.
Thank you for your attention.School Information Center
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:Yes if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
No if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Given if there is no information about the statement in the passage 1. A new service will be launched for the students in the autumn of this year. 2. Through this new e-mail address, alumni will be able to use the alumni forum. 3. Information on how to apply for the new service will be given by the end of November. 4. No current school network accounts of the alumni will be accessible after this December. 5. An automatic reply of “Out of Office” will be set by the School Information Center so that people will be informed of the future change in the e-mail address. 6. The e-mail accounts of those who are re-sitting exams will be extended.
经过快速浏览，我们已经知道文章的大意是：某学校发出通知，要为过去两年内毕业的校友提供一个新的电子邮件服务，而他们原来的电子邮箱只能保持到12月底。
在了解了文章大意的基础上，我们再来看文章后面提出的问题。
Q1．A new service will be launched for the students in the autumn of this year.
原句是：A new service will be launched for the school alumni in the autumn of this year。对照原句可以看出，新的电子邮件服务是针对school alumni的，而不是指在校学生。因此，做这道题一定要遵循‘准确’原则。这里只要能准确理解alumni的意思，这道题应当是可以作对的。Q2．Through this new e-mail address, alumni will be able to use the alumni forum.
原句为：This will include a life-long school alumni email address, access to alumni forum, and a whole range of specially developed services。可以看出，new e-mail address 和alumni forum 是并列出现的两项服务，原文并未就它们的具体作用展开叙述。虽然校友们有可能通过这个新的电子邮件地址来使用校友论坛，这只是推断，原文没有对其进行明确的表述，更谈不上与文章内容相符或相反，因此应当选NG。在这道题上，要注意‘相关’原则。Q3．Information on how to apply for the new service will be given by the end of November
.
原句是：The alumni office will be sending out information on how to sign up for this new service in the last week of November。原文中的 sign up与apply for 是同义词，所以这里是同义词替换，用不同的词语来表达相同的意思，因此应该选T。 4．No current school net work accounts of the alumni will be accessible after this December.
原文是：your current school network account will remain active only until the end of the Michaelmas Term (December), following which your access to the school main server, current email account and any personal web space you may have will be closed。原文中的...will remain active only until...同问题句中的not accessible after.... 意思相同，因此，同第3题一样，这道题也是同义词替换，问题句只是用不同的词汇对原文进行了paraphrase。所以，问句与原文意思相符，应该选择T。5．An automatic reply of "out of office" will be set by the school information center so that people will be informed of the future change in the e-mail address.
原文中...it is also advisable to set your mailbox...意思是建议校友自己将邮箱设定为自动答复, 而不是由学校的信息中心为校友来设定。这样，问句中的意思与原文中的意思不相符，应该选F。6.The e-mail accounts of those who are re-sitting exams will be extended.
参照原文最后一段，if you are … 可以看出，可以延长邮箱账户的人包括要参加补考（resisting exams）的学生、今年仍要留校学习的学生（continue to study here at the school this year）和留校任教的人（ become a member of the staff）。因此，原文表述内容所覆盖的范围要大，虽然问题句表达的内容只是原文内容的一部分，但根据‘由大到小’原则，问题句的提法并不与原文相抵触，因此应该选T。
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
Yes if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
No if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Given if there is no information about the statement in the passage
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
True if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
False if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Given if there is no information about the statement in the passage
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
Agree if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
Disagree if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Say if there is no information about the statement in the passage
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:
Support if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
Contradict if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
No Evidence if there is no information about the statement in the passage
不管哪种形式，这种题型主要是衡量考生对阅读文章中some specific point of information的理解，而不是对全文或段落大意的概括。因此，一定要准确地在文中找到与考题相对应的句子，然后仔细比较二者之间的差异。比较要集中在句子的主语、谓语、宾语和状语，即句中主要的名词、动词和时间、地点、人名、数词等。由于考题很少以原句的形式出现，大多数情况下都被paraphrase了，因此要留意主要动、名词的近义词及一些主要的语法现象，如主动、被动语态的互换，倒装句，否定句等。做这类题的通常标准是：
问题句中的提法与文章意思完全一致， 或者文章中的意思范围比问题句所描述的范围大，可以包涵问题句的意思时，就选择正确（TRUE）。如
Text: He is a good student.
Question: He is a student.
答案应当是True。
如果问题句中的提法与文章的意思不相符，或者文章中的意思范围比问题句所描述的范围小，不能包含问题句的意思时，就选择错误（FALSE）。如果问题句中的提法在文章中没有提到，或者没有明确表述，就选择不相关（NOT GIVEN）。相比之下，选择TRUE/FALSE 要比选择NOT GIVEN 容易判断一些。因为这两种选择相对明确，对就是对，错就是错。而NOT GIVEN 很容易和FALSE混淆，让人拿不定主意，不知道到底该选哪一个。其实，只要仔细区分，也不难看出其中的区别：FALSE 是指与文章内容或提法相反的句子，而NOT GIVEN 是指无法在原文中找到相关内容的句子或提法。
有趣的是，考生常常能在MCQ题型中识别错误答案，但同样内容如果出现在TFN题型中就常常出错。如：
Text: There are 5 bus services in the town.
MCQ: How many bus services are there in the town?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6Obviously the answer is A.
But for a TFN question,
Question: The town has 4 bus services.
The answer should be No instead of Not Given. 因为题目的信息明显同原文的信息不符。
下面以练习题为例具体说明。 Sample exercise
E-mail change notice
To all those who are concerned:
A new service will be launched for the school alumni in the autumn of this year. This will include a life-long school alumni email address, access to alumni forum, and a whole range of specially developed services. The alumni office will be sending out information on how to sign up for this new service in the last week of November. You will then have the opportunity to request an alumni email account for as long as you like.
Due to the development of this new service, your current school network account will remain active only until the end of the Michaelmas Term (December), following which your access to the school main server, current email account and any personal web space you may have will be closed. Instructions on how to request an alumni account will be sent to you prior to this account closing. Please make sure that you take all your files with you before you leave. It is also advisable to set your mailbox to "Out of Office" well in advance, mentioning, "I will no longer be available at this address". This will help to alert people to the change in your email address.
This message applies to people who graduated within the last two years. If you are continuing to study here at the school this year, re-sitting exams, or have become a member of the staff, please get in touch with the IT Help Desk who will extend your current account.
Thank you for your attention.School Information Center
Do the statements below agree with the information in the above reading passage? Write:Yes if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
No if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
Not Given if there is no information about the statement in the passage 1. A new service will be launched for the students in the autumn of this year. 2. Through this new e-mail address, alumni will be able to use the alumni forum. 3. Information on how to apply for the new service will be given by the end of November. 4. No current school network accounts of the alumni will be accessible after this December. 5. An automatic reply of “Out of Office” will be set by the School Information Center so that people will be informed of the future change in the e-mail address. 6. The e-mail accounts of those who are re-sitting exams will be extended.
经过快速浏览，我们已经知道文章的大意是：某学校发出通知，要为过去两年内毕业的校友提供一个新的电子邮件服务，而他们原来的电子邮箱只能保持到12月底。
在了解了文章大意的基础上，我们再来看文章后面提出的问题。
Q1．A new service will be launched for the students in the autumn of this year.
原句是：A new service will be launched for the school alumni in the autumn of this year。对照原句可以看出，新的电子邮件服务是针对school alumni的，而不是指在校学生。因此，做这道题一定要遵循‘准确’原则。这里只要能准确理解alumni的意思，这道题应当是可以作对的。Q2．Through this new e-mail address, alumni will be able to use the alumni forum.
原句为：This will include a life-long school alumni email address, access to alumni forum, and a whole range of specially developed services。可以看出，new e-mail address 和alumni forum 是并列出现的两项服务，原文并未就它们的具体作用展开叙述。虽然校友们有可能通过这个新的电子邮件地址来使用校友论坛，这只是推断，原文没有对其进行明确的表述，更谈不上与文章内容相符或相反，因此应当选NG。在这道题上，要注意‘相关’原则。Q3．Information on how to apply for the new service will be given by the end of November
.
原句是：The alumni office will be sending out information on how to sign up for this new service in the last week of November。原文中的 sign up与apply for 是同义词，所以这里是同义词替换，用不同的词语来表达相同的意思，因此应该选T。 4．No current school net work accounts of the alumni will be accessible after this December.
原文是：your current school network account will remain active only until the end of the Michaelmas Term (December), following which your access to the school main server, current email account and any personal web space you may have will be closed。原文中的...will remain active only until...同问题句中的not accessible after.... 意思相同，因此，同第3题一样，这道题也是同义词替换，问题句只是用不同的词汇对原文进行了paraphrase。所以，问句与原文意思相符，应该选择T。5．An automatic reply of "out of office" will be set by the school information center so that people will be informed of the future change in the e-mail address.
原文中...it is also advisable to set your mailbox...意思是建议校友自己将邮箱设定为自动答复, 而不是由学校的信息中心为校友来设定。这样，问句中的意思与原文中的意思不相符，应该选F。6.The e-mail accounts of those who are re-sitting exams will be extended.
参照原文最后一段，if you are … 可以看出，可以延长邮箱账户的人包括要参加补考（resisting exams）的学生、今年仍要留校学习的学生（continue to study here at the school this year）和留校任教的人（ become a member of the staff）。因此，原文表述内容所覆盖的范围要大，虽然问题句表达的内容只是原文内容的一部分，但根据‘由大到小’原则，问题句的提法并不与原文相抵触，因此应该选T。
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