2004年职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类(C级)试题

第1部分：．词汇选项  (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
    下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面
所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应
的位置上。
1 We are certain that he will get over his illness．
  A sure      B happy
  C surprised  D excited
2 A research center has been set up in this country
  A praised     B established
  C reformed   D criticized
3 If headaches only occur at night，lack of fresh air is often the cause
    A deliver    B fall
    C happen    D arrive
4 The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank．
  A suffer     B accept
  C receive    D endure
5 A small number of firms have stopped trading
  A hotels        B shops
  C restaurants    D companies
6 In order to survive man needs to consume food and water．
  A work    B play
  C 1ive     D walk
7 The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations．
    A started    B finished
    C changed  D made
8 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.
  A very     B completely
  C usually   D mostly
9 Their parents once lived under very severe condition。-
  A sound    B hard
  C strict   D tight
10 Michael is now merely a good friend．
  A largely    B possibly
  C just D rarely
11 Have you talked to her lately?
  A lastly    B finally
  C shortly   D recently
12 While we don’t agree，we continue to be friends
  A Whoever    B Where
  C Although    D Whatever
13．Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration．
A  Much
C  Small
B Large
D  Fixed
14 About one million Americans are diagnosed，annually with skin cancer
  A every year    B severely
  C actively   D every month
15 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident．
    A secrets    B details
    C benefits  D words
第2部分：阅读判断  (第16~-22题，每题1分，共7分)
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Step Back in Time
    Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One  hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45．But now，she Can live until at least 80．
    One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after
ourselves better．We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need．We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again．And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily．
  But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago．
  Families had between 15 and 20 children，athough many babies didn’t live long．Children suffered from lots of diseases，especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病)，which are both caused by bad diets．This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well．
  Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string，because there was no room for them to lie down．
  People didn’t have fridges until the 1920s．They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden．
  Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight lo earn money for their parents．If you had lived 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now．
16 On average women lived longer than men 1 00 years ago．
  A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
17 People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons．
  A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
18 A hundred years ago many kids died at all early age．
  A Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
19 Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy．
  A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
20 People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping
  A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
21 An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s．
  A  Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned
22 Life was not easy for many children living 1 00 years ago．
  A  Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子  (第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)  ．
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选
项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~-30题要求从所给的6个选项中
选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
English and English Community
1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language．The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese．
2  A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities．The people who make up the community share a common language．Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊)，a village，or a city．More often they form a whole country．National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community．A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live．
3  We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community．For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on．
4 Learning a second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind．The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture；a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel．Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage．
23 Paragraph  1            
24 Paragraph  2            
25 Paragraph  3            
26 Paragraph  4            
A Threat Posed by English
B Definition of a Speech Community
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
F A Widely Used Language

27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of             .
28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from             .
29 People who live in different places may belong to             .
30 Many people learn English as             .
A a second language
B the same language
C the same speech community
D any other language
E national boundaries
F a part of one’s heritage

第4部分：阅读理解(第31~,45题，每题3分，共45分)
    下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，
从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇             U．S．Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
    Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans，but black Americans are still more
likely to die of cancer than whites，the American Cancer Society said Monday．
  In a special report on cancer and blacks．the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites．and they are more likely to die of the disease．
This could be because of unequal(不平等的)access to medical care，because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well，and perhaps because of differences in the biology(生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added．
  “In general，black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than  whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,”the report said．
  “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans，this report recognizes that many of the  differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care．”
  The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check—ups(体格检查)earlier, when cancer is more treatable，and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role．
  “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts，”the organization said in a statement．
  But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates．“Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992，as have incidence rates(发生率)，”said the report．
31 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than
  A people in other countries．
  B white Americans．
  C a11 other Americans．
  D their ancestors．
32 Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?
A Unequal access to medical care．
B Greater probability of having other diseases．
C Differences in the biology of the cancer.
D Early diagnosis．
33 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected
  A  in an early stage．
  B  in a late stage．
  C  all of a sudden．
  D together with other diseases．
34 Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with
    A death rates．
    B various cancers．
    C unfair social differences．
    D biological differences．
35 Since 1 992，cancer death rates among black Americans
  A have been going up and down．
  B have remained stable．
  C have increased．
  D have fallen.
第二篇              A Desert Between Paul and Clara
  Paul had long promised to marry Clara．But at thirty·thee he met and married Alice．Clara was driven mad．
  Paul was taken to court．The judge ordered him to pay Clara$600 because of the broken promise．Paul had to borrow the money from a moneylender．He agreed to pay back$5 a month—for twenty years．His wages at the time were$16 a month．
  Paul and Alice were poor but not unhappy．They had little enough food，certainly，even before the children began to arrive．Each month Paul paid$5 to the moneylender．He worked hard, never taking a holiday．In time，there were seven mouths to feed．
    Illness was always with them．It grew serious when the oldest child was eight．The years of hunger weakened the family, because each month Paul paid$5．The details of the sickness were  ugly, but the result was this：after twelve years of family life，Paul was alone in the world.
    He lived alone．except for memories．Work was not now a god for him：it was a pain-killer．Each month he paid，and in time the twenty years ended．From that moment his wages were his own．
  One day, It was a holiday went to the seaside．He sat down on a seat by the sea．A middle．aged woman came and sat down near him．They recognized each other at once.
    The woman said．“The$600 has been in the bank since the day it was paid to me．It is now $6，000，and I have kept it for you．Will you let me share it with you?”
    “No，”said Paul，gently．“Each thousand is a lost life in a desert between us. It can never  bring any happiness．”
36 Paul was ordered to pay Clara$600 because
    A he had borrowed $600 from her．
    B he had broken his word to marry her．
    C he had promised to give her$600．
    D he had spent a lot of her money．
37 How many children did Paul and Alice have?
    A Two.
    B Four.
    C Five.
    D Eight.
38 Twelve years after his marriage，Paul was
  A poor but not sad．
  B very sick．
  C free from debt.
  D lonely and unhappy．
39 After his wife and children died，Paul turned to his work to
  A  ease his pain．
  B  forget his debt．
C  get pleasure．
D  seek friendship．
40 When Paul met Clara again 20 years later, he decided
    A to share the$600 with her．
    B not to marry her．
    C to ask back the$600．
    D not to refuse her offer
第三篇                         Florence Nightingale
  Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe．As a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages．
  When Nightingale was 17，she told her family that she was going to help sick people．Her parents did not approve，but Nightingale was determined．
    She traveled to hospitals all over Europe．She saw that doctors were working too hard．She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care．Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people．
  Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more，they needed special training in how to take care of sick people．Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing．Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness．These women cared for sick people in their homes．
    In 1854．England was fighting a war with Russia．№reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded．People demanded that something be done about it．A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals．So，in November 1 854，Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital．
    She took along 3 8 nurses whom she had trained herself．
    At first．the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals．They did not believe that women could help．But in fact，the nurses did make a  difference．They worked around the clock，tending the sick．Thanks to their hard work，many  wounded soldiers survived．
    After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated 1ike heroes．。Finally，in 1 860，she  started the Nightingale School for Nurses．In time，thanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing  became an important part of medicine．
41 Florence Nightingale was born into a rich
  A  Italian family．
  B  Russian family．
  C  English family．
  D  German family．
42 Nightingale’s parents did not approve of her decision
    A to work as a doctor．
B to care for sick people．
C to fight in the war with Russia．
D to travel to hospitals all over Europe．
43 It was not until the War with Russia that Nightingale
  A  got to work in a hospital．
  B  began to study nursing．
  C  started to care for sick people in their homes．
  D  became the head of Gentlewomen During Illness
44 On the battlefields Nightingale and her nurses proved to be
  A  as bad as the doctors had expected．
  B  quite generous．
  C  less than useful．
  D  very helpful．
45 Nightingale played a great role in
  A the building of war hospitals．
  B the education of women．
  C the development of nursing．
  D the improvement of working conditions for women．
第5部分：补全短文  (第46~-50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5．处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
All of US have felt pain．We have cut ourselves．We have been burned．Or we have had headaches．Some of us suffer pain rarely pain rarely.              (46)
Pain can take complete control of our body and mind，making it impossible to move and even to think．Yet we need pain．Without it，we would not know．1f we have hurt ourselves．It is our body’s warning system.               (47)
Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor It is the most common reason we take medicines．Until recently，however, most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains               (48)But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better．
Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals.              (49)Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain：one very fast，the other slow．The first message is the warning signal．It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second．In less than a second，the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and how badly it is injured．              (50)It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals．
A  And others have painful attacks all the time．
B These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area，up the spinal cord(脊髓)to the brain，and back down again．
C It tells us that We are injured and should do something about it
D They knew little about the process of pain itself．
E The other message moves at a speed of only 013~meter a second．
F And they send the second，slower message of pain to the brain．
第6部分：完形填空  (第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)
  阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
What Is Cancer?
Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells．Cells are the very small units that make up all——(51)things，including the human body．There are billions of cells——(52)each person’s body．Cancer happens when cells that are not normal grow——(53)spread very fast．Normal body cells grow and divide and know when to stop growing．Over time，they also die．——(54)these normal cells，cancer cells just continue to grow and divide out of control and don’t die．Cancer cells usually group together to form tumors(肿瘤)．
A growing tumor becomes a lump of cancer cells——(55)can destroy the normal cells around the——(56)and damage the body’s healthy tissues．This can make someone very——(57)．
  Sometimes cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel to other areas of the——(58)，where they keep growing and can go on to form new tumors．This is how cancer—— (59)．The spread of a tumor to a new place in the body is——(60)metastasis(转移)．
  People with cancer may feel pretty sick at times—but Call usually still do lots of normal things．——(61)they are very sick，kids and teenagers with cancer may still be able to go to school．They may be tired Or bruise(出现青肿)easily，but they——(62)sometimes go to camp，movies，and sleepover(在外过夜的)parties．People with cancer still like the same things they did——(63)they got sick．
  Cancer in kids is rare—but today, many kids who do get cancer go on living normal lives．The number of kids who beat cancer goes——(64)every year because of new cancer treatments．So a lot of kids with cancer will some day drive cars，go to college，have careers，and even get——(65)and have families of their own．

51 A living  B nice  C big  D whole
52 A by   B in  C with  D at
53 A or   B but  C and D though
54 A Unlike  B Like C After  D Without
55 A who  B what  C where  D which
56 A shape  B tumor C thing  D group
57 A sick  B rich  C mild  D active
58 A country  B body  C Cell  D place
59 A spreads  B turns  C moves D travels
60 A said  B supposed C known  D called
61A In case B Because C Unless  D If
62 A can  B must  C should  D need
63 A before  B after  C once   D While
64 A down  B by  C up   D forward
65 A fired B married  C joined  D upset

2004年职称英语等级考试
卫生类(C级)答案
满分100分，其中：
l一15每题1分；
16—30每题1分；
3l一45每题3分；
46—50每题2分0
51—65每题1分。
1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 D
6 C 7 B 8 A 9 B 10 C
11 D 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 B
16 C 17 B 18 A  19 A   20 B 21 C  22 A

23 F 24 B 25 E 26 C
27 D 28 E 29 C 30 A
3l B 32 D 33 A 34 C 35 D
36 B 37 C 38 D 39 A 40 B
41 C 42 B 43 A 44 D 45 C
46 A    47 C    48 D    49 B    50 E
51 A 52 B 53 C 54 A 55 D
56 B 57 A 58 B 59 A 60 D
61 C 62 A 63 A 64 C 65 B

2004年职称英语等级考试题解
卫生类(C级)
第一部分：阅读判断
1．答案为A。“certain”和“sure”都有“肯定”的意思，替换后句法上也是一个合格的句子。
2．答案为B。“set up”和“establish”同义，都是“建立”的意思，可互换而不改变句子的意思。
3．答案为C。“happen”和“occur”都有“发生”的意思，  而且都是不及物动词，因此可替换。
4．答案为D。“bear”是“能承受”的意思，与“endure”意思相同。在该句子中， “endure”替换“bear”不改变原来的句子的意思。
5．答案为D。“firm”和“company”都有“公司”的意思。此处可用companies替换firms。
6．答案为C。“survive”和“live”都表示“活下来，生存”的意思，可以替换，故选C。
7．答案为B。“complete”与“finish”都是“完成”的意思，可互换，故选B。
8．答案为A。“highly”和“very”都表示“程度非常高”的意思。
9．答案为B。“hard”和“severe”都有“艰难”的意思，在这个意义上，“hard”可以替换“severe”而不改变句子的意义。
10．答案为C。“merely”是“仅仅”的意思。“just”也有这个意思。
11．答案为D。“lately”和“recently”都有“最近”的意思。
12．答案为C。“while”在这个句子中引起的是一个让步从句，所起的作用是跟 “although”一样的。
13．答案为B。“enormous”和“large”都是“巨大的”，在这里两者可以互换。
14．答案为A。“annually”就是“every year”的意思。
15．答案为B。“details”是“细节”的意思。“particulars”也是“细节”的意思。
第二部分：阅读判断
16 C  文章第一段虽然提到女性的寿命现在要比一百年前长得多，但并没有提及一百年前女性是否比男性寿命要长一事。
17 B  文章第二段明确介绍了人们现在比过去长寿的原因。
18 A  文章第四段头一句便说一百年前，许多孩子很小便夭折了。
19 A  文章第四段提到，佝偻病与坏血病都是饮食不良引发的。
20 B  文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，而非出于喜欢。
21 C  文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰箱是谁发明的：
22 A  从文章第四以及最后一段不难看出，一百年前，生活对许多孩子来说都是十分不易的。
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子
23 F  文章第一段介绍说世界上除了汉语之外，应用最广的就是英语了。
24 B  文章第二段主要讲的是什么是“a speech community”，即“a speech community”的定义。
25 E  文章第三段进而将“the English speech community”分为两组，即以英语为母语的
    人为一组和以英语为第二语言的人为一组。
26 C  文章第四段主要讲学习第二语言的益处。
27 D  从文章第一段可以得知，说汉语的人比说任何其他语言的人都要多。
28 E  从文章第二段可以得知，“a speech community”的边界与一个国家的边界有可能不同。
29 C  从文章第二段可以得知，居住在不同地区的人们却有可能同属一个“speech community”。
30 A  从文章第二段可以推断，许多人将英语作为第二语言来学。
第四部分：阅读理解
31 B  文章第一段只是将美国黑人与美国白人的癌症死亡率进行了比较。
32 D  前三项原因在文章第三段中都被提到了，而早期诊断是有助于降低癌症死亡率的。
33 A  从文章的第六段可以得知，癌症越早发现越有利于治疗。
34 c  文章的第七段提到，大力开展宣传教育有助于消除不平等的社会差异。
35 D  从文章的最后一段可以得知，1992年以来，美国黑人的癌症死亡率下降了。
36 B  从文章的第二段可以得知，Paul被判应付Clara六百美元是因为没有履行娶她为妻的诺言。    、
37 c  文章第三段提到，后来Paul一家有七张嘴要养活。这说明除去Paul和妻子，家里有五个孩子。
38 D  从文章的第四、五段可以得知，结婚12年后，Paul又是孤身一人，十分痛苦。
39 A  从文章的第五段可以得知，妻子和孩子死后，Paul工作的目的是为了减轻痛苦。
40 B  从文章的最后一段可以判断，。Paul再次拒绝娶Clara为妻。
41 C  从文章的第一段可以得知，Florence Nightingale虽然出生在意大利，但其父母都是英国人。
42 B  从文章的第二段可以得知，Florence Nightingalel7岁时下决心致力于救助病人，但遭到父母的反对。
43 A  从文章的第四、五段可以得知，Florence Nightingale开始只是去病人家里救助病人，直到英俄战争爆发，她才首次有机会去医院工作。
44 D  文章倒数第二段讲到，出乎战地医生意料的是，Florence Nightingale和她的护士姐妹们用辛勤的汗水挽救了许多伤员的生命。
45 C  从文章的最后一段可以得知，Florence Nightingale为护理学的发展做出了重要贡献。
第五部分：补全短文
46 A  文章第一段提到，我们都曾感觉过疼痛。从空格前一句的内容，即“有些人很少遭受疼痛之苦”，可以推断空格处句子的内容应当与这一句的内容相反，即“另外一些人却总是遭受疼痛的袭击”。
47 C  空格前的句子讲到，疼痛是我们身体的警报系统。因此接下来的句子应该说明这样说的原因。
48 D  空格后一句讲到，然而，有关疼痛过程的新知识使医生得以更好地控制疼痛。由此可见，空格处句子的内容应与此句内容相反，即医生对疼痛过程了解得很少。
49 B  空格前一句中的“chemical and electrical signals”等词语是对空格处句子的很好提示。
50 E  文章第四段最后一句提到了“two different kinds of pain messages”，而文章最后一段第一句中又用了“The first message”，显然，空格处的句子应以“The other message”开始。
第六部分：完形填空
51 A  众所周知，细胞是构成所有生物的极小单位。
52 B  表示“在每个人的体内”，介词应用“in”。
53 C  句子中的“grow”与“spread”应当是并列关系。  
54 A  根据上下文，癌细胞与正常细胞不一样，因此应选“Unlike”。
55 D  空格后面跟的是一定语从句，前面是“a lump of cancer cells”，因此只能选“which"．
56 B  空格处的词语指的仍是句子中提到的“tumor”一词。
57 A  一个人若体内的正常组织遭受到癌细胞的破坏，那他一定会感到“very sick"。
58 B  有时癌细胞离开原发肿瘤，肯定是转移到“身体”的其他部位。
59 A  癌细胞离开原发肿瘤，转移到身体的其他部位，继续生长并形成新的肿瘤，这正
    是癌“扩散”的方式。空格后句子的开头“The spread of a tumor”也提示空格处应选
    “spreads”一词。
60 D  表达“被称为”之意，英语用“called”一词。
61 C  根据句子的内容，空格处应填“除非”一词。
62 A  根据上下文，空格处表示“能够”之意。
63 A  句子的意思是：患有癌症的人们仍旧喜欢做生病前喜欢做的事情。
64 C  由于新的癌症治疗方法的出现，战胜癌症的孩子们的数量一定是“上升”的。
65 B  根据空格后面的内容，即“建立自己的家庭”，可以推断空格处应填“结婚”一
    词。