2006职称英语考试模全真拟试题 卫生类B级第二套

第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. The government is debating the education laws.
A) discussing B) defeating C) delaying D) declining

2. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.
A) goods B) soil
C) climate D) harvest

3. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.
A) get rid of B) set up
C) repair D) paint

4．During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A) permanent B) powerful
C) striking D) practical

5． Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.
A) slight B) surprising C) sudden D) harmful

6． Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages.
A) crudely B) rarely C) originally D)occasionally

7． There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.
A) a steady B) a plentiful C) an extra D) a stable

8． The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.
A)puzzling B) difficult C) terrifying D) urgent

9． He made an immense amount of money in business.
A)large B) small C) limited D) little

10. The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.
A) quicken B)shorten C) loosen D) enlarge

11． We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only.
A) convince B)satisfy C) comfort D) benefit

12． We should contemplated the problem from all sides
A) deliberated B)thought C) described D) designed

13． His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.
A) became better B)became worse C) became stronger D) became weaker

14． I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
A) intended to B)tended to C) extended to D) pretended to

15． As a matter of fact， I love soft music more than popular music.
A) basically B)probably C) actually D) accurately

第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

Irradiating Food

Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.
Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.
All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.
Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation -- gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays -- and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.

1. According to the passage, killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the US government.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2. There are quite a number of food processors which are interested in producing irritated foods.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3. Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4. Some companies foresee the promising future of setting up food processing factories, although they do not see the need now.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5. It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated ingredients.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6. Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7. The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Soot and Snow：a Hot Combination

l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow．According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．
2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background．Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight．
3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change．Als0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork．
4 Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．
5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said．Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted．
6 Hansen cautioned．although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century．
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’ climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．

词汇：
soot n．煤烟，煤灰
emission n．释放，散发，排放
simulation v．模拟
latitude n．纬度
glacier n．冰川，冰河
albedo n．反照率
permafrost n．永冻层
forcing n．温室作用
dioxide n．二氧化物
magnitude n．量，大小

练习：
1．Paragraph 3____________
2．Paragraph 4____________
3．Paragraph 6____________
4．Paragraph 7____________

5．In the twentieth century，soot____________
6．Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases____________
7. Black soot covered snow and ice____________
8．A soot forcing is unusually effective，which____________

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇

Medical Journals

Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals．
In the past，these journals were available only in print．With the development of electronic publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals publish only online．A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine．Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine．
Medical journals publish many types of articles．Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments．Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease．Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them．Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue．
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic．Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal．
1． The main readers of medical journals are
A)the general public．
B1healthprofessionals． ，
C)medical critics．
D、news reporters．
2． Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Many medical journals also publish online．
B)A few medical journals are general medical journals．
C)Most medical journals publish only online．
D)Most medical journals are specialty journals．
3. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A、Five．
B)Seven．
C)Four．
D)Six．
4. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called
A)a research article．
B)a review article．
C)a case report．
D)an editorial．
5．Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on
A)any medical event．
B) articles published in the same issue．
C)articles published in that journal
D)medical development．

第2篇

Common Problems, Common Solutions

The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago --- and decided it's not for you.
The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers -- there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.
And finally it's a pretty safe bet that you're open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers -- or you wouldn't be reading this.
And those three things make you incredibly important today.
Because they mean that yours is the voice -- not the smoker's and not the anti-smoker's --that will determine how much of society's efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.
For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on " education " (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.
There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.
But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society's interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.
Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.

1. What does the word " wall " used in the passage mean?
A) Anti-smoking propaganda.
B) Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.
C) Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.
D) Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.

2. In paragraph 4, " you " refers to
A) smokers.
B) nonsmokers.
C) anti-smokers.
D) smokers who have quitted smoking.

3. It is evident that the author is not in favor of
A) building a wall between smokers and nonsmokers.
B) doing scientific research at the expense of one's health.
C) bringing smokers and nonsmokers together.
D) proving accommodation for smokers.

4. As is suggested, the common solution to the common problem is
A) to separate people from people.
B) to work together in mutual accommodation.
C) to make us more keenly aware of choice.
D) to serve society's interests better.

5. According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders' actions
A) optimistically.
B) pessimistically.
C)unconcernedly.
D) skeptically.

第3篇

Eady or Later Day Care

The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parems during
The sensitive“attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and
I premspose to emotional problems in later life．Some people have drawn the conclusion from
Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails，and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion． Firstly，anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parems；found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies．For example，in some tribal societies，such as the Ngoni，the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it'．Secondly，common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents
care-takers found children had problems with it．Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out，and even if they were，the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial．Thirdly．in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care，and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slighfly positive effect on children’S development．But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby’S analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects．The possibility that such care might 1cad tO，say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later Callonly be explored by the use of statistics．Whatever the long—term effects，parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with。．Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time．The matter，then，is far from clear-cuff，though experxence and available evidence indicate that earl care is reasonable for lnfants．
词汇：
psychoanalyst n．精神分析学家一心理分析学家 insulate vt．隔绝
rear vt．抚养 predispose引起易感性
care taker n.照顾者，看管人 entail／in。tell／vt．蕴涵
infant n．婴儿 anthropologist n．人类学家

练习：
1． Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A)Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car
for children at the age of three or older．
B)Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children．
C)The first three years of one’s life is extremely important to the later developmentof
personality．
D)Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children
over three

2． Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’S work?
A)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three．
B)Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child’S development．
C)A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems
in laterlife．
D)Daycarewouldnotbe SOpopularffithasnoticeablenegativeeffects onachild，Spersonality．

3． It is suggested that modem societies differ from traditional societies in that
A)the parents—child relationship is more exclusive in modem societies．
B)a child more often grows up with his(her brothers or sisters in traditional societies．
C)mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies．
D)children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years

4． Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby,s theonr?
A)Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children’S development．
B)The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe．
C)The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional
societies．
D)Parentsfindtheimmediate effects ofearlyday caredifficultto dealwith．

5 Which of the following best expresses the writer’S attitude towards early day care?
A)Children under three should stay with their parents．
B)Early day care has positive effects on children’s development．
C)The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics．
D)Theeffectsofearlydaycareon children areexaggeratedandparents shouldignoretheissue．

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

Why do people shrink?

Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids? It's about a wacky dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! ____1____.
For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking can't be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. ___2___.
There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. ___3___. But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. ___4___. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people --especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with -- are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.
Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don't worry, though. ___5___.

A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
B. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again.
C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced.
D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.
E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.
F. But why does shrinking happen at all?

第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Something Men Do Not Like to Do

Eric Brown hates shopping．“It’S just not enjoyable to me，”said the 28．year．old．Chicagoman
who was carrying several shopping bags along the city’S main street，Michigan Avenue．“When
I, m out____1___，I basically know what 1 want to get．I rush in．I buy it．I___2___’
Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop．You Can ask generations of men．But people
who study shopping say that a number of social，cultural and economic factors are now
___3___this“men-hate,to-shop”notion．-
“___4___social class，ethnicity,age—men say they hate to shop，”says Sharon Zukin，
a City University of New York sociology professor．“Yet when you ask them deeper questionsit
turns out that they___5___tO shop．Men generally like to shop for___6___，music and
hardware．But if you ask them about the shopping they do for books or music，they’11 say
‘Well' that’S not shopping．That’s ___7___…
In other words，what men and women call“buying things’’and how they approach thattask
are ___8____
Women will___ 9___ through several 1,000．square．metre stores in search 0f the perfect
party dress．Men will wander through 100 Interuet sites in search of the___lO___digital
camcorder．
Women see shopping as a social event．Men see it as a mission or a___11___to be won．
“Men are frequently shopping to win，’’says Mary Ann McGrath，a marketing professorat
Loyola University of Chicago．“They want to get the best deal.They want to get the bestone，
Thelast one and if they do that it__12__them happy．”
When women shop，“they’re doing it in a way where they want__l3__ to be very
happy,”says McGrath．“They’re kind of2shopping for love．”
In fact。it is in clothing where we see a male-female__14__most clearly．Why,
grumble some men，are all male clothes navy，grey,black or brown?But would they wear 1ight
green andpink?
These days，many guys wear a sort of“uniform”，says Paco Underhill，author of“Why We Bye”,“It’S been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion．Conscious in a business way. It becomes much，much easier if you__15__your range of choices．”

词汇：
guy n．家伙，伙计
wander n．漫游，闲游
mission n．任务，使命
grumble n．抱怨，发牢骚
ethnicity n．种族特点
camcorder n．摄像放像机
deal n．交易

练习：
1．A)playing B)fishing C)shopping D)travelling
2．A)get out B)stay in C)look round D)move about
3。A)confirming． B)challenging C)proving D)supporting
4．A)Regardless of B)Becauseof C)Owingto D)Thanksto
5．A)want B)like C)hate D)hope
6．A)coats B)pants C)socks D)books
7．A)relaxation B)rest C)exercise D)，research
8．A)similar B)inclusive C)contradictory D)diffe：rent
9．A)wander B)go C)walk D)run
10.A)cheap B)fashionable C)presentable D)perfect
11．A)task B)play C)game D)destination
12．A)brings B)causes C)makes D)keeps
13．A)everybody B)nobody C)anybody D)no one
14．A)competition B)comparison C)division D)confrontation
15．A)broaden B)expand C)extend D)narrow

答案及解析第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1．A. 分析：根据句意（“政府正在..教育法”）排除B（搭配词义不通顺），C和D（C和D都通常和进行时态连用）。debate: vt, vi讨论，争论;discuss : vt谈论；讨论；商讨(with sb. )；delay: vt, vi, n. 推迟；延缓 ；Decline: vt, vi下降；下滑；下倾

2． D。分析：在该句中yield 是用作名词（因为该词的前面有不定冠词a），分析：抓住句子中与划线部分相关的结构或用词特点：能与不定冠词a搭配使用的被选项只有C和D（气候，倾向， 风气，如：a mild climate温和的气候）。再借助句子中其他特征词：farm，判断harvest“收成”是答案。该句含义是“这一年中他们的收成要比数英里以外的其他任何农场的收成都好得多。”Yield: vt, vi出产, （常与to连用）放弃；投降；让步 n. 产量；收成

3．A。分析：划线短语是动词短语，对于该短语的语义有两种查找方法：1。利用动词do，直接在字典中查找do away with 这个短语的语义。不难得出该短语的语义是“去掉”，所以A是答案；2。利用该短语中的词义推测：away是“离开”，而备选项中： set up是“建立”， repair是“修理”， paint 是“油漆, 描绘”，都与“离开”无关，所以只有get rid of是答案。该句句意是“这座城市已经决定把位于市中心的所有的旧的建筑物都废弃掉。”

4．C. 分析：根据画线词的家族词（drama）的本义和与画线词搭配的结构的含义（“变化”），判断C是答案。该句含义是“在过去的十年中，在国际形式方面已经出现了显著的变化。”Striking: adj. 引人注意的；显著的；Dramatic: adj. 戏剧的；有关戏剧的; 引人注目的。

5. D。分析：根据构词法：划线词的前部分是 damage（破坏），即damaging是动词damage的分词，所以推测该词义大概是“破坏的” 。而备选答案都是常见词汇，其中只有harmful是“破坏的”，因此可以推断harmful是答案。该句含义是“从经济大萧条以后，美国政府一直在（采取措施）使农民避免遭受到由于粮食价格的下降而带来的损失”。

6． B。分析：seldom是常见词汇，该词义是“很少地” 。而备选答案中rarely也是常见的否定副词，是“很少地”。该句含义是“水泥在中世纪的建筑中很少使用。”

7．B。分析：steady 和stable是近义词，都可表示“稳定的”， 所以可以相互排除掉。再根据构词法：plentiful = plenti(y) + ful 判断B的含义是“大量的”。借助句意“在这个国家里有大量的廉价劳动力”判断B最合适。

8．D。分析：crucial“至关紧要的”和 urgent“紧急的”含义最接近。该句句意是“任何经济体系所面临的最至关紧要的的问题是如何使用它稀少的资源”。Puzzling adj.(使)迷惑的, (使)为难的； terrifying adj.使感到恐怖的;

9． A。 分析： 该句含义是“他在生意中赚了一大笔钱。”immense adj.极大的; limited adj.有限的；

10.A. 分析： Accelerate v.加速, 促进, 所以A（加快）是答案。Shorten v.缩短, (使)变短；loosen v.解开, 放松, 松开； enlarge v.扩大, 放大； 词缀-en通常加在某些形容词的前面或后面，使其变成相应的动词，该词缀的含义是“使变得更加..”, 如：enlarge就是“使变得更大/扩大”

11. B. 分析：根据句意（我们切不可（满足于）仅仅有一点点书本知识。）判断B（使满足）是答案。Convince vt.使确信, 使信服； benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于； comfort n.安慰, 舒适, 安慰者
vt.安慰, 使(痛苦等)缓和；

12. A. 分析：借助搭配结构“…问题”排除B（think后通常带宾语从句）和D（搭配不合理）。根据句意（我们应该考虑到问题的各个方面）判断A（仔细考虑）最合适。

13. B. 分析：借助搭配“健康…”，排除C和D（strong和 weak都不和“健康”搭配使用，只能说“身体” strong或 weak），再借助句意（在监狱服刑期间他的健康变得恶化了）判断B（变得更糟糕）是答案。Deteriorate v.(使)恶化

14． A。 分析，借助句意（我（本来打算）今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了）判断A（打算..）是答案。tend to v. 往往..; pretend to do sth.v.假装做某事; extend v.扩充, 延伸,给予。 extend 后所带的to 是介词。

15. C. 分析：as a matter of fact adv.事实上； accurately adv.正确地, 精确地； basically
adv.基本上, 主要地; probably adv.大概, 或许

第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

Irradiating Food
1． A。解析：注意: 在看题干时尤其需要注意题干中出现的修饰词 --形容词/副词。利用专有名词“US government”作为答案线索词，这样在第1段找到答案相关句（第1，2，3句）。发现它们的说法与问题句的说法一致，所以判定答案正确。

2． C。解析：注意句中出现的修饰词“a number of”，利用“food processors/食品加工厂”作为答案线索词，这样在第一段的最后一句中找到答案相关句，发现该句并没有提到食品加工厂的兴趣问题，所以判定判断该句的说法为“没提到”。

3． A.解析：判断该句说的较客观，所以可能正确。借助原文：利用“safety，severe government inspection”作为答案线索词，这样第2段的第1句和第2句中找到答案相关句，发现它们的说法与问题句的说法一致，因此判断为“正确”。

4． C。解析：利用“companies，promising future”作为答案线索词，这样在第2段的最后一句找到答案相关句，发现该句并没有提到预测被辐射食品的未来前景问题。

5．B。解析：利用“labels，irradiated ingredients，indicate ”作为答案线索词，这样在第3段发现答案相关句群，对比这些句子的说法发现它们的说法与问题句的说法不一致，因此判定问题句的说法错误。

6． A.解析：利用“Restaurants，distributors”作为答案线索词，关注题干中的状语结构-without labeling it，这样在第3段的第2句找到答案相关句，判定问题句的说法正确。

7． A。解析：注意:有关文章主题的题，注意看文章的开头或/和结尾的句子。这道题是有关文章主题的题，借助文章的结尾：Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation （与approves irradiating food to some extent呼应），而文章开头的句意也与该问题句的说法一致，所以答案为正确。

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1．C 第三段解释了为什么soot会增加地球升温效应。
2．A 第四段介绍了soot在两方面起的作用：(1)soot增加了雪吸收太阳能量和热量的能力；(2)soot导致海洋和陆地上空的大气层发生变化。
3．F第六段的关键句子是：“…greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．” ．
4．B第七段介绍了在研究北半球的纬度、雪覆盖面和日照诸因素与气温升高之间的关系方面取得的成果。
5．B 选择B的依据是第一段。有关的句子是：。“…black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．”选项B中用了过去式contributed，也是选B的一个线索，因为第五题的题干中有in me twentieth century，这个时间状语要求谓语动词用过去式，而4个选项中只有B项的动词用的是过去式。
6．E Hansen cautioned和greenhouse gases仅出现在第六段。该段的大意是：虽然煤烟在改变全球气候方面所起的作用相当显著，但是上个世纪气温上升的主要因素还是温室气体。选项E概括了第六段的意思。
7．D 本题答案的依据是第二段第一句。
8．A本题答案的依据是第五段的下列句子： Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate．“This forcing is unusually effective， causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Harisen noted．

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇
Medical Journals
1. B．分析：细节题。问题问及“医疗杂志的主要读者”，借助题干中的main readers作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals．（该句间接的回答了问题—向内科医生和其他健康专家提供医疗信息，所以答案是B。）
2． C．分析：细节题。发现被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet（该句与A内容一致），and some journals publish only online．（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine．（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine．（该句与D内容一致）
3. A． 分析：细节题。该题涉及到文章类型。注意文章中提及文章类型的句子。这样发现答案相关句：Medical journals publish many types of articles．Research articles report the results of …Review articles summarize and analyze ..．Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals ..Editorials provide perspective on ..．Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of ..
4. B．分析：细节题。利用题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询后找出的有关某一具体主题的信息进行汇总和分析”）Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic （“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上句“综述文章”的目的一致，因此判断B是答案。）can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease．
5． C． 分析：借助题干中的核心结构Letters to the editor和express comments on作为答案线索，这样在文章最后部分找到答案相关句：Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal。（该句内容直接回答了问题：对杂志上发表的文章进行评论，提出问题或提出批评意见）

第2篇
Common Problems, Common Solutions
1．D．问题问“文章中的墙指代什么？”。利用wall这个线索词在文章中发现了位于第5段中答案相关句--- “。。把我们（和吸烟者）分开的墙..。家族词的出现也是确认答案的线索：该题中separate在原文中 ---- separation在备选答案中。
2．D．问题问“第4段中you 指代什么？”。You从第1段就开始出现，所以应指第1段中所说的“已经放弃吸烟的吸烟者”。
3．A．该题问“很明显作者不主张什么？”。文章的最后一段说“无论什么样的道德墙都未曾，也不能推动我们的社会去解决基本的问题。”，可见作者很反对wall的建立。而只有A提到了wall，所以选择A。
4．B． 该题问“正如在文章中所表明的那样，普通问题的普通解决的方法应该是..”。在第8段中可以找到答案。
5．D．该题问“作者对建立吸烟隔离墙的行为的态度是什么？”。D “怀疑的”最合适。

第3篇
1．c 波比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。三岁以下的
孩子如与父母分开可能会给孩子的性格造成伤害，进而导致以后的情感问题。因此可以认为波比会同意C
2．A C是波比的思想，而不是依据他的思想得出的结论，因此不对。第一段的第二句话说：一些人从波比的研究得出结论，日托要使父母和孩子分开，孩子三岁之前不应该送日托。因此A是正确答案。
3．A 第二段的第一句话说：人类学家指出，现代社会中父母与孩子之间的绝缘的爱的关系在传统社会中一般不存在。insulated(绝缘的)一词与A中的exclusive(排他的)相呼应。文章只是在第二段的第一句中提到传统社会，仅从这句话不能推断出B、C、D。
4．D 第二段列出了三条论据反对波比的理论。这三条论据分别对应C、B、A。“父母们觉得眼前的后果难以应付”不是反对波比理论的论据。
5．c 作者中立地报道了对日托的两种不同看法，并指出缺乏统计研究。特别是在第三段的第二句话中提出，日托是否会在15或20年后导致精神病或犯罪只能用统计的方法来研究。因此C是正确答案。

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

Why do people shrink?
1. E. 分析：段落中句意的特点：空格前面的内容讲述电影情节，所以E的出现就很自然了。在用词上kids连续使用（呼应）

2. F. 分析：在段落中利用核心结构进行跳读，发现空格前句说“..尽管人们能做一些事情来阻止“缩小”或减缓“缩小””，比较备选项，发现F合适：F提出问题来总结该段，引起下文。

3. A. 分析： 空格前面具体讲述“地球引力对人体骨架的影响”，接着在空格处继续谈到“这种影响最终的结果”是很自然的。在用词呼应上：one another(彼此)与A中的they 呼应。

4．C。分析：空格前后句中都在提到“bone”或与“bone”相关的内容，所以C出现的可能性最大。

5．B。分析：作为文章的最后一句，该句往往具有总结性。对比剩下的选项，不难发现B合适：在句意上（好好休息一个晚上，第二天早晨， 你的身体通过一晚上的休息又恢复体力， 你站起还会是那么高。）在对前句句意（尽管这样，也不用担心）进行解释说明。

第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1． C 第一段第一个句子是主题句，说的是：Eric Brown讨厌买东西。因此“shopping”是合适的选择。
2． A 语境是这样的：当我出去买东西时，我基本上已经知道我要买什么。我冲了进去，买了后……显然，填入“getout”(出去)是连贯的。“stayin”是“在家里呆着”，“look round”是“环顾”，“move about”是“闲荡”，不难看出，这些都不是合适的选择。
3。 B 第二段的第一个句子说的是：一般的认识认为，男人讨厌买东西。第三句的起始词是“But”，它告诉我们意思将发生转折，因而“challenging”是合适的选择。“confirming”是“确认”的意思，“proving”是“证明”，“supporting”是“支持”。
4． A 第三段的第一个句子引自纽约城市大学社会学教授Sharon Zukin的话，大意是：……在社会阶层、种族特点、年龄上是有差异的，男人都说他们讨厌买东西。可以看出，合适的选择是“Regardless of”(不管)，“Because of”，“Owing to”，“Thanks to”都表示“原因”，插入后意思上是不连贯的。
5． B 紧接着第三段第一个句子的后一个句子由“Yet”起始， 这个词提示我们由它引导的句子在意思上跟上一个句子构成对比。由于上一个句子说的是“男人们讨厌买东西”，那么这个句子应当说的是男人们实际上是喜欢买东西的。因此，“like”是合适的选择。
6． D 从下文的“music”(音乐)，“hardware”(硬件)判断，“coats”(外套)，pants(裤子)，socks(袜子)都不是合适的选择，因为它们都不能与“music”和“hardware”构成一个比较自然的类别，所以惟有“books”是合适的选择。另外，紧随其后的一句话中也出现了“books”这个词，这是提示。
7． D 该题问的是：男人们不把买书和音乐制品看做是购物，那么他们把它看做是什么呢?从下面的三段提供的信息来看，“research”(研究)比“relaxation”(放松)，“rest”(休息)，“exercise”(锻炼)更合适一点。
8． D 该题问的是：男人们和女人们在称之为“买东西”和行事方式上都会怎么样?所在的句子实际上是对前面文章的总结。所以合适的选择是“different”。 “similar”(相似的)、 “contradictory”(矛盾的)和“inclusive”(兼容的)都不构成答案。
9． A 买东西是需要来回看的， 这是常识。另外，紧随其后的句子中也用了“wander”(漫游)这个词。
lO． D 上文中出现了“perfect”(完美的)。注意：文章始终在把男人与女人做比较。因此此处也应用“perfect”。 ’
11． D 注意紧随其后的动词不定式“to be won’’(赢得)，只能是“game”(游戏)。“won”在语义上搭配的
12．C 这个句子要表达的是：这会使得他们快乐。“makes”是正确的。如果用．‘‘bdngs”，须改原文：it brings them happiness．或it brings happiness to them．如用“causes”，也须改原文：it causes them to become happy．“it keeps them happy．”是可以说的，但它的意思是：他们原来就快乐。但是，是否如此?文章没有说。
13．A “nobody”，“no one”和“anybody”用于否定的语境。但该句子提供的不是一种否定的语境，因此，正确的选择是“everybody”。
14．C 至此文章都是在说男女之间的差别，因而“division”是理想的选择。整个句子说的是：事实上，在服装方面最能清楚地把男女区分开来。“competition”是“竞争”，“comparison”是“比较”，“confrontation”是“对抗”。
15．D 对许多男人来说，选择的范围越窄，买衣服越方便。因此“narrow”(窄)是合适的选择