正文
职称英语（卫生类）模拟试题（一）
一、单项选择题。
1.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs scattered over their bodies to sense sound waves.
A. amplify
B. disguise
C. send
D. detect
2.Experiments enable young scientists to judge accurately what must be accepted and what must be viewed with suspicion.
A. doubt
B. belief
C. curiosity
D. judgment
3.Please let me know if any problems arise.
A. become
B. occur
C. raise
D. arouse
4.The current edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin America.
A. first
B. latest
C. old
D. special
5.Your father is furious about the damage you have done to the flower beds.
A. angry
B. anxious
C. uncertain
D. worried
6.She undertakes to verify the true source of the rumor.
A. tries
B. decides
C. promises
D. refuses
7.The earthquake has caused serious damage to this city.
A. destruction
B. hurt
C. injury
D. wound
8.Her voice is distinct and unique. You can tell her voice immediately.
A. common
B. species
C. specific
D. special
9.The students had a lot of trouble concentrating on their study because of the noise from the construction outside.
A. focusing
B. carrying out
C. paying for
D. continuing with
10.Professor Clark continued his research work and disregarded his colleague's advice.
A. ignored
B. explored
C. realized
D. recognized
11.High pay may enhance productivity.
A. confirm
B. improve
C. determine
D. supplement
12.Capital punishment was abolished some years ago in some states of the U.S.
A. created
B. decorated
C. improved
D. eliminated
13.It is taken for granted that a piano without any defects would produce very grand music.
A. dislikes
B. incidents
C. faults
D. merits
14.The train stopped abruptly, making us wonder where we were.
A. all of a sudden
B. fast
C. slowly
D. quickly
15.A central objective of the developed country was to alleviate the problems of the urban poor.
A. lessen
B. identify
C. overcome
D. regulate
二、综合题。
1.第二部分：阅读判断题
Smoking
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have higher death rate from heart disease than none-smoking males. Female cigarette smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
16. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18.Smoking may induce lung cancer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Nicotine is poisonous.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2.第三部分：概括大意与完成句子
A Bit Good News for Fat People
1. Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?
2. Scientists have long been looking into the effects of under-nutrition. These studies——rats and mice have been the subjects, not humans ——indicate that carefully controlled food restriction with adequate vitamins and minerals slows the aging process. In experiment after experiment, thin animals consistently outlive their all-you-can-eat cousins, sometimes doubling their average life span. They seem to age more slowly too. The level of cholesterol in their blood stays lower longer. Their bodies stay responsive to certain hormones longer. Their immune systems stay healthier longer. Underfed rats and mice are also less likely to suffer from age-related diseases like cancer, kidney and heart disease.
3. But we still know little about the effect of scientifically controlled under-nutrition on people. Researchers have kept studying large numbers of people, linking their weight with their health over long periods of time. In direct contrast to the laboratory experiments, these population studies suggest that being underweight can actually be dangerous to your health.
4. In a major National Institutes of Health study that followed more than 5,000 men and women for 24 years, scientists discovered that the thinnest people ran the highest rate of dying. The thinnest group of men had the highest death rates from cancer and all other diseases except those of the cardiovascular system. It is also found that thinness does not mean wellness. Men 15 percent below average weight die more often from pneumonia, influenza, heart disease and suicide than their weightier counterparts. Women 15 percent less than average are easy to get pneumonia, influenza and digestive system diseases. An American Cancer Society study found that those 20 percent underweight died more often from strokes and digestive disease than their average weight counterparts. In a California study of 7,000 men and women, the highest death rates were among those 10 percent underweight.
5. Conversely, these and other studies are finding that being slightly or moderately overweight, even as much as 35 percent above standard weight, is good for your health.
Exercise:
23. Paragraph 2 _______________
24. Paragraph 3 _______________
25. Paragraph 4 _______________
26. Paragraph 5_______________
A Good Things about Being a Little Overweight
B Fashion of Being Underweight
C Experiments on Animals Regarding Under-nutrition
D Some Negative Effects of Being Underweight
E Contrast Between Experiments on Animals and on People
F Health of Women under nutrition
27. A great many people go on a diet to _____.
28. Those all-you-can-eat animals often have _________.
29. People 15 percent underweight suffer more from _______.
30. The thinnest group of men are less likely to suffer from _______.
A diseases of the cardiovascular system
B have a body shape that all people will admire
C longer life-time
D digestive system diseases
E a shorter life span
F pneumonia and influenza
3.第四部分：阅读理解 第一篇
Sunbath and Skin Cancer
In the summer, millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it , including themselves.
With each hour, the sun's ultraviolet radiation produces irreversible damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in the United States, and almost all of them can be blamed on over-exposure to the sun.
Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can be disfiguring and take time to treat. For that reason, sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe. Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV, however, interferes with the production of collagen fibers in the dermis, causing the skin to lose elasticity and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration of the dermis deprives the epidermis of nutrition and causes it to become thin and dry.
Cancer is UV's final result. Shortwave radiant energy, especially from the UV-B band, breaks the strands of DNA. Enzymes work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper sequence, but with repeated UV exposure, the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutant DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided with a good dose of common sense. People with fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the highest risk. Special danger spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, nose, lower lip and the ears. People who have already developed precancerous lesions or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of developing others.
Dermatologists recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a good sun screen. These lotions and salves contain chemicals that block out the burning UVB radiation while permitting the tanning rays to reach the skin.
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