职称英语（卫生类）模拟试题（一）

　　31. According to the passage, over-exposure to the sun may result in ______

　　A. the wrinkles that cannot be seen.

　　B. the skin cancer.

　　C. all kinds of sacrifices.

　　D. healthful beauty.

　　32. The underlined word “deity” in the third paragraph refers to ________

　　A. something mysterious.

　　B. the skin cancer.

　　C. the sun.

　　D. overexposure to the sun.

　　33. Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiation?

　　A. Sunburn.

　　B. The loss of skin elasticity.

　　C. Dryness of epidermis.

　　D. The deterioration of dermis.

　　34. Why may the repair process of the DNA finally fail?

　　A. Because shortwave radiant energy breaks the strands of the DNA.

　　B. Because the DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells.

　　C. Because enzymes work to rearrange the DNA into a new order.

　　D. Because the patient is exposed to UV from time to time.

　　35. The last paragraph of the passage mainly discusses________

　　A. the treatment of the skin cancer.

　　B. the prevention of the skin cancer.

　　C. the parts of the body where cancer is most likely to develop.

　　D. the lotions that work best in fighting against the skin cancer.

　　4.第四部分：阅读理解 第二篇

Population Densities

　　The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands.

　　Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 person inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable.

　　High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java. Low average population densities are characteristic of most underdeveloped countries.

　　Low density of population is generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land. This generally results from poor quality lands. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains, or malaria-infested jungles; to land uses other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to social obstacles.

　　More economically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorly developed countries of correspondingly low population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries.

　　36. Along the banks of the Nile, we may expect to find _______.

　　A. 1300 persons per square mile

　　B. few inhabitants

　　C. no inhabitant

　　D. few settlements

　　37. The most densely populated continent is ________.

　　A. Asia

　　B. Africa

　　C. Europe

　　D. North America

　　38. There are no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica because ________.

　　A. it is too hot

　　B. it is too cold

　　C. there is no transportation

　　D. it has only recently been discovered

　　39. Puerto Rico is a land of ________.

　　A. heavy industrialization

　　B. poverty

　　C. intense agriculture

　　D. large cities

　　40. Advanced countries of low population density may well have ________.

　　A. epidemics

　　B. arable land

　　C. large rural population

　　D. large urban population

　　5.第四部分：阅读理解 第三篇

Early or Later Day Care

　　The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.

　　Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngonim, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone - far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

　　But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

　　41. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?

　　A. Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.

　　B. Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.

　　C. The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.

　　D. Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.

　　42. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?

　　A. Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.

　　B. Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.

　　C. A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.

　　D. Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.

　　43. It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that _______.

　　A. the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies

　　B. A child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societies

　　C. Mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies

　　D. Children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years

　　44. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?

　　A. Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.

　　B. The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.

　　C. The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.

　　D. Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.

　　45. Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?

　　A. children under three should stay with their parents.

　　B. Early day care has positive effects on children's development.

　　C. The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.

　　D. The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.

　　6.第五部分：补全短文

　　Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. ___46____. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. ___47_____. Studies over a range of illnesses, form depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

　　__48__. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. __49__. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. __50__. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support, financial aid, material resources, and needed services that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

　　A. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.

　　B. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.

　　C. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties.

　　D. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.

　　E. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is a example of social companionship.