2016年职称英语理工类B级阅读理解题目特点及考试技巧

　　下面我们来看具体考点的解题方法：

　　考点一：主旨题

　　主旨题是对主题思想提问，是阅读理解的必考题。

　　常见主旨大意提问的方式有：

　　●The main idea of this section is __________ ．

　　The best title for this passage might be __________.

　　The main idea of this article is__________.

　　Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?

　　The last paragraph is mainly about __________.

　　The major point discussed in the paragraph is __________.

　　What is the passage mainly about?

　　The subject matter of this selection is __________.

　　What can you conclude from the passage?

　　如何抓文章或段落的主旨大意呢?

　　*最重要的手段还是精读文章的首段和末段，以及每段的首句。例如：

　　More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

　　It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.

　　Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

　　For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transaction. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off ( 向……透露) the company that was being robbed.

　　Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail,

　　computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often,their demands have been met.

　　Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled ( 耍弄 ) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

　　在文章第一段最后一句、第二段最后一句都反复提到了计算机犯罪分子不受惩罚，文章第六段又分析了这种现象的种种原因。故全文核心内容谈的是计算机犯罪分子作案后不受惩罚。*首段、末段没有明确的主题句时，全篇重复的中心词或每一段中重复的主题词即为中心大意。例如：

　　The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned$7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid.

　　In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.

　　What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity--that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.

　　The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.

　　The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards,policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.

　　全文没有主题段，但从每段主题句(画线句子)中重复的单词productivity和living

　　standards可以看出，该主旨题的答案中应该同时包含这两个主题词，

　　*没有主题句，也少有重复的词，需要通过总结全文、并读透字里行间之义来确定。

　　A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic. All day long,the driver answers the same questions without becoming angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the rear of the bus. In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her rout on schedule.

　　本段没有主题句。读者只能通过通读全文来归纳出隐含主题：Driving a bus is hard work．