2014年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题四
2013-12-25来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、根据材料，完成31-36题。
第一篇
Optimism
Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.
According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glasses half-full, not half-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.
The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100, 000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.
But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestmafing their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.
There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said: " Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain. "
But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!
What does "sanguine" (Para. 2) mean?
A．depressed
B．cheerful
C．lucky
D．emotional
32、The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people
A．are more optimistic than they believe
B．are less optimistic than they believe
C．like good news more than they' think
D．like good news less than they think
33、What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?
A．Collecting false information.
B．Overemphasizing evidence.
C．Misjudging the situation.
D．Giving a pessimistic forecast.
34、The author suggests in the last paragraph that we
A．adjust our goals in life
B．learn to release bad mood
C．avoid being overoptimistic
D．maintain a positive attitude
35、What is the main idea of the passage?
A．People tend to be optimistic even in crisis
B．Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.
C．Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.
D．Optimism is what keeps us going forward.
36、根据材料，完成36-41题。
第二篇
IOC's Official Problems
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has launched an investigation into allegations that its officials in more than 50 countries have been selling London Olympics tickets on the black market for profit. The IOC met at an emergency session on Saturday to look into a pile of evidence uncovered by Britain's Sunday Times newspaper. The paper claims that high-ranking Olympic officials have been selling tickets for the games at hugely inflated prices. The highest priced tickets on the black market were for the men's 100-meter final. The IOC has issued a statement saying it "takes these allegations very seriously and has immediately taken the first steps to investigate. "
IOC rules forbid national Olympics committees from selling tickets, overseas, increasing ticket prices or selling tickets to unauthorized, third-party resellers. Despite this, Sunday Times undercover reporters posing as illegal ticket sellers say they have recorded evidence of 27 officials selling tickets distributed to 54 countries. One of the most serious allegations was against the Greek Olympic Committee president Spyros Capralos. He denies saying he had "pulled strings" with the head of the London Olympics Sebastian Coe even though the paper posted videos of its reporters' negotiations with Capralos on its Website. Mr Capralos has so far refused to comment.
The IOC is investigating its own officials for__________.
A．running the black market
B．secretly meeting reporters
C．illegally selling tickets
D．criticizing Sunday Times
37、The word "allegations" (Para. 1 ) probably means__________.
A．discussions
B．claims
C．announcements
D．opinions
38、Sunday Times reveaJed__________.
A．details about IOC's emergency session
B．evidence against some IOC officials,
C．ticket prices for men's 100-meter final
D．pricing policy of the London Olympics
39、Which of the following is NOT against the IOC rules concerning its officials?__________.
A．Selling tickets internationally.
B．Raising the prices of the tickets.
C．Selling tickets to unofficial resellers.
D．Giving tickets to their friends.
40、Faced with the evidence against him, Capralos __________.
A．blamed other officials
B．admitted the facts
C．issued a statement
D．gave no response
41、根据材料，完成41-46题。
第三篇
Psychology of Shopping
People can be addicted to different things -- e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such addition are compulsive, i.e. they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational- impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit,charge accounts are even more exciting than money.
In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, 0f course,most people search for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however,often buy things they don't need just only because they are cheap. They believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners. Most people, experts claim,have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for things that they do and the real one.
Of course, it is not only scientists who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business:they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods. Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
The word "compulsive" (Line 2, Para. 1 ) probably-means__________.
A．necessary
B．compulsory
C．complicated
D．fearful
42、According to the passage, the greatest pleasure of crazy shopping for a compulsive spender is__________.
A．to get things they want
B．to meet their strong psychological need
C．to spend a lot of money
D．to meet their basic needs
43、According to the passage, compulsive bargain hunters constantly search for the lowest possible prices __________.
A．because they feel satisfied if they spend less moneythan others
B．because they have money problem
C．because they like to show off their success in getting things for less money
D．because they want to save money to help their budget
44、According to the passage, which of the following is true?__________.
A．All people only buy things they need.
B．Both business people and advertisers increase sales through using psychology.
C．Scientists understand psychology better than business people.
D．Compulsive spenders can never get any help to solve their problems.with money.
45、What does the passage mainly discuss?__________.
A．The use of the psychology of spending money in business.
B．A special psychology of bargaining.
C．A method to help compulsive spenders to solve the problem of money.
D．The psychology of money-spending habits.
31、根据材料，完成31-36题。
第一篇
Optimism
Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.
According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glasses half-full, not half-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.
The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100, 000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.
But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestmafing their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.
There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said: " Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain. "
But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!
What does "sanguine" (Para. 2) mean?
A．depressed
B．cheerful
C．lucky
D．emotional
32、The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people
A．are more optimistic than they believe
B．are less optimistic than they believe
C．like good news more than they' think
D．like good news less than they think
33、What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?
A．Collecting false information.
B．Overemphasizing evidence.
C．Misjudging the situation.
D．Giving a pessimistic forecast.
34、The author suggests in the last paragraph that we
A．adjust our goals in life
B．learn to release bad mood
C．avoid being overoptimistic
D．maintain a positive attitude
35、What is the main idea of the passage?
A．People tend to be optimistic even in crisis
B．Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.
C．Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.
D．Optimism is what keeps us going forward.
36、根据材料，完成36-41题。
第二篇
IOC's Official Problems
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has launched an investigation into allegations that its officials in more than 50 countries have been selling London Olympics tickets on the black market for profit. The IOC met at an emergency session on Saturday to look into a pile of evidence uncovered by Britain's Sunday Times newspaper. The paper claims that high-ranking Olympic officials have been selling tickets for the games at hugely inflated prices. The highest priced tickets on the black market were for the men's 100-meter final. The IOC has issued a statement saying it "takes these allegations very seriously and has immediately taken the first steps to investigate. "
IOC rules forbid national Olympics committees from selling tickets, overseas, increasing ticket prices or selling tickets to unauthorized, third-party resellers. Despite this, Sunday Times undercover reporters posing as illegal ticket sellers say they have recorded evidence of 27 officials selling tickets distributed to 54 countries. One of the most serious allegations was against the Greek Olympic Committee president Spyros Capralos. He denies saying he had "pulled strings" with the head of the London Olympics Sebastian Coe even though the paper posted videos of its reporters' negotiations with Capralos on its Website. Mr Capralos has so far refused to comment.
The IOC is investigating its own officials for__________.
A．running the black market
B．secretly meeting reporters
C．illegally selling tickets
D．criticizing Sunday Times
37、The word "allegations" (Para. 1 ) probably means__________.
A．discussions
B．claims
C．announcements
D．opinions
38、Sunday Times reveaJed__________.
A．details about IOC's emergency session
B．evidence against some IOC officials,
C．ticket prices for men's 100-meter final
D．pricing policy of the London Olympics
39、Which of the following is NOT against the IOC rules concerning its officials?__________.
A．Selling tickets internationally.
B．Raising the prices of the tickets.
C．Selling tickets to unofficial resellers.
D．Giving tickets to their friends.
40、Faced with the evidence against him, Capralos __________.
A．blamed other officials
B．admitted the facts
C．issued a statement
D．gave no response
41、根据材料，完成41-46题。
第三篇
Psychology of Shopping
People can be addicted to different things -- e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such addition are compulsive, i.e. they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational- impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit,charge accounts are even more exciting than money.
In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, 0f course,most people search for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however,often buy things they don't need just only because they are cheap. They believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners. Most people, experts claim,have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for things that they do and the real one.
Of course, it is not only scientists who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business:they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods. Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
The word "compulsive" (Line 2, Para. 1 ) probably-means__________.
A．necessary
B．compulsory
C．complicated
D．fearful
42、According to the passage, the greatest pleasure of crazy shopping for a compulsive spender is__________.
A．to get things they want
B．to meet their strong psychological need
C．to spend a lot of money
D．to meet their basic needs
43、According to the passage, compulsive bargain hunters constantly search for the lowest possible prices __________.
A．because they feel satisfied if they spend less moneythan others
B．because they have money problem
C．because they like to show off their success in getting things for less money
D．because they want to save money to help their budget
44、According to the passage, which of the following is true?__________.
A．All people only buy things they need.
B．Both business people and advertisers increase sales through using psychology.
C．Scientists understand psychology better than business people.
D．Compulsive spenders can never get any help to solve their problems.with money.
45、What does the passage mainly discuss?__________.
A．The use of the psychology of spending money in business.
B．A special psychology of bargaining.
C．A method to help compulsive spenders to solve the problem of money.
D．The psychology of money-spending habits.
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