2014年职称英语考试《理工类A级》冲刺试卷(一)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

31、回答31-45题：
Electronic Mail (E-mail)
During the past few years, scientists the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writing, any kind of writing, but particularly letter writing．Encouraged by electronic mail's surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals．Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on．An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the Internet, or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail．It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting)．If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstei, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist's umbilical cord．Lately other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues．Physicists are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon-an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog.”
The reasons given below about the popularity of E-mail can be found in the passage EXCEPT ________.
A．direct and reliable
B．time-saving in delivery
C．money-saving
D．available at any time


32、How is the Internet or net explained in the passage? ________
A．Electronic routes used to read home and international journals.
B．Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight.
C．Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping.
D．Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad.


33、What does the sentence “If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication” most probably mean? ________
A．The quick speed of correspondence may have ill-effects on discoveries.
B．Although it does not speed up correspondence, it helps make discoveries.
C．It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate discoveries.
D．It shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries.


34、What does the sentence “On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog.”imply in the last paragraph? ________
A．Even dogs are interested in the computer.
B．E-mail has become very popular.
C．Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.
D．E-mail deprives dogs of their owners' love.


35、What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc．according to the writer? ________
A．Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.
B．They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.
C．Less and less people will use them.
D．They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.

36、回答36-50题：
Hack
The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today．These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do．Back then, the word “hacker” didn't have the negative connotation it has today．The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead.
The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today's hacker．The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be．Instead, most of today's hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.
The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet．This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks．Here are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure．New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day．And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilities-phones, wireless devices, and network appliances．Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness．It doesn't matter how much you train and educate your employees．If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening question-able e-mail attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring fire-walls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more responsibility than ever．And on top of the realities listed above, security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access．There are some good security measures you can take: Employ a layer 7, full-inspection firewall．Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client．Keep all of your systems and applications updated．Hackers commonly break into a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date．Turn off unnecessary network services．Eliminate all unneeded programs．Scan network for common backdoor services-Use intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans, antivirus protection.
Which of the following statements of Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds is TRUE? ________
A．They are all good examples of today's computer users.
B．They are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent.
C．Their goal is to push programs beyond what they are designed to do.
D．They are all dead.


37、The underlined word “hacker” (Para．1) most probably means “________ ”
A．highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today
B．the negative connotation of those computer users
C．a game, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet
D．People who break into computer systems


38、Which of the following is NOT true of security attacks? ________
A．Employees will keep up with security polices and awareness if they are highly-trained.
B．The rate of security attacks appears faster than the growth of the Internet.
C．One's computer system will never be secure.
D．Vulnerabilities can go through phones, wireless devices, and network appliances.


39、What is the most important one among the realities listed? ________
A．New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day.
B．If employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable e-mail attachments, the manager should educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs.
C．Managers have more responsibility than ever.
D．Security managers are asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.


40、Various security measures are recommended EXCEPT ________.
A．turning off network services
B．employing a full-inspection firewall
C．making sure that servers and applications are patched
D．eliminating all unneeded programs

41、回答41-55题：
Superconductor Ceramic (陶瓷)
An underground revolution begins this winter．With the flip (轻击) of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricitytransmitted by ice cold high performance cables．Other American cities are expected to followDetroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.
The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary becausethey are made of superconductors．A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance．Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current．Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance．They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat．Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works．It just does.
Making superconductors isn't easy．A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance．The first superconductors, made more than 50years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance．Newersuperconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material thatcontains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋), strontium (锶), and calcium (钙)．A ceramic is ahard, strong compound made from clay or minerals．The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where itconveys electricity with zero resistance.
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance．Becausecooled supercondUutors have no resistance, they waste much less power, other cities arewatching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable andconserve power, too.
What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.
B．Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables.
C．Great amounts of power can be conserved.
D．Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables


42、Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors________
A．have little or no electrical resistance
B．Can be used for along time
C．are not energy-efficient
D．can be made easily


43、At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance________?
A．-143 degree Celsius.
B．-263 degree Celsius.
C．As long as it is ice-cold.
D．Absolute zero.


44、What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature________?
A．Copper.
B．Liquid nitrogen.
C．Clay.
D．Calcium.


45、According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true________?
A．Other cities hope they Can also conserve power.
B．Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon.
C．Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.
D．The Fribie experiment is not successful.