2014年职称英语考试《理工类B级》冲刺试卷(一)
2014-03-25来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Psychology of Shopping
People can be addicted to different things -- e.g．alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television．People who have such addition are compulsive, i.e．they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must spend money．This compulsion, like most others, is irrational- impossible to explain reasonably．For compulsive spenders who buy on credit,charge accounts are even more exciting than money.
In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything．Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy．There is special psychology of bargain hunting．To save money, 0f course,most people search for sales, low prices and discounts．Compulsive bargain hunters, however,often buy things they don't need just only because they are cheap．They believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners．Most people, experts claim,have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for things that they do and the real one.
Of course, it is not only scientists who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people．Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business:they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods．Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems．In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
The word "compulsive" (Line 2, Para．1 ) probably-means__________.
A．necessary
B．compulsory
C．complicated
D．fearful
32、According to the passage, the greatest pleasure of crazy shopping for a compulsive spender is__________.
A．to get things they want
B．to meet their strong psychological need
C．to spend a lot of money
D．to meet their basic needs
33、According to the passage, compulsive bargain hunters constantly search for the lowest possible prices __________.
A．because they feel satisfied if they spend less moneythan others
B．because they have money problem
C．because they like to show off their success in getting things for less money
D．because they want to save money to help their budget
34、According to the passage, which of the following is true?__________.
A．All people only buy things they need.
B．Both business people and advertisers increase sales through using psychology.
C．Scientists understand psychology better than business people.
D．Compulsive spenders can never get any help to solve their problems.with money.
35、What does the passage mainly discuss?__________.
A．The use of the psychology of spending money in business.
B．A special psychology of bargaining.
C．A method to help compulsive spenders to solve the problem of money.
D．The psychology of money-spending habits.
36、回答36-50题：
Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment．What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire．In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work．Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.
One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it．By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future．It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan．
A．man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.
The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work．They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career．This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time．They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.
This marriage between the employee and the company - the consequence of lifetime employment - may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.
Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.
A．leaves his company only when business is bad.
B．gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.
C．can work there throughout his career,
D．can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.
37、Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A．Family and company interests are equally important
B．The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.
C．One's future is guaranteed through hard work.
D．Devotion to one's company is encouraged……
38、Lifetime employment influences one's__________.
A．achievements at work.
B．performance at work.
C．career options.
D．attitude toward work.
39、The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.
A．his marriage with the daughter of the president.
B．the close link between him and his company.
C．his willingness to work overtime.
D．his active participation in quality control,
40、The passage mainly discusses__________.
A．how lifetime employment works in Japan.
B．what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.
C．what lifetime employment is.
D．how lifetime employment is viewed.
41、回答41-55题：
Dreams of Flight
The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself．According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly．He and his son had been kept on an island．In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (2) into which he stuck bird feathers．During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax．He was drowned in the sea．The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.
There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century
B．
C．, used wings to fly．But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death．The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone．It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.
The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century．He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water．Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight．He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres (空心球)．ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter (直径) and made of very thin copper．But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.
After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped (摆动) their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same．So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented．Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines．It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed - man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.
How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?
A．He killed the guards and got out of the island.
B．A god came to rescue him and took him away.
C．His son came to rescue him and took him away.
D．He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.
42、According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.
A．he flew too far.
B．he flew too high.
C．he fell to the ground,
D．he was hit by a stone.
43、The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.
A．a Greek.
B．an Englishman.
C．a Chinese.
D．an Italian.
44、The priest failed to build the boat because__________.
A．he could not raise enough money.
B．his design was not scientific.
C．he could not find enough copper.
D．copper spheres could not be made as designed
45、According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.
A．he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.
B．he knew nothing about the movement of the air.
C．they were made of heavy metal.
D．they were made of light feathers.
31、回答31-45题：
Psychology of Shopping
People can be addicted to different things -- e.g．alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television．People who have such addition are compulsive, i.e．they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must spend money．This compulsion, like most others, is irrational- impossible to explain reasonably．For compulsive spenders who buy on credit,charge accounts are even more exciting than money.
In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything．Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy．There is special psychology of bargain hunting．To save money, 0f course,most people search for sales, low prices and discounts．Compulsive bargain hunters, however,often buy things they don't need just only because they are cheap．They believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners．Most people, experts claim,have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for things that they do and the real one.
Of course, it is not only scientists who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people．Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business:they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods．Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems．In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
The word "compulsive" (Line 2, Para．1 ) probably-means__________.
A．necessary
B．compulsory
C．complicated
D．fearful
32、According to the passage, the greatest pleasure of crazy shopping for a compulsive spender is__________.
A．to get things they want
B．to meet their strong psychological need
C．to spend a lot of money
D．to meet their basic needs
33、According to the passage, compulsive bargain hunters constantly search for the lowest possible prices __________.
A．because they feel satisfied if they spend less moneythan others
B．because they have money problem
C．because they like to show off their success in getting things for less money
D．because they want to save money to help their budget
34、According to the passage, which of the following is true?__________.
A．All people only buy things they need.
B．Both business people and advertisers increase sales through using psychology.
C．Scientists understand psychology better than business people.
D．Compulsive spenders can never get any help to solve their problems.with money.
35、What does the passage mainly discuss?__________.
A．The use of the psychology of spending money in business.
B．A special psychology of bargaining.
C．A method to help compulsive spenders to solve the problem of money.
D．The psychology of money-spending habits.
36、回答36-50题：
Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment．What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire．In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work．Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.
One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it．By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future．It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan．
A．man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.
The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work．They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career．This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time．They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.
This marriage between the employee and the company - the consequence of lifetime employment - may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.
Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.
A．leaves his company only when business is bad.
B．gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.
C．can work there throughout his career,
D．can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.
37、Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A．Family and company interests are equally important
B．The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.
C．One's future is guaranteed through hard work.
D．Devotion to one's company is encouraged……
38、Lifetime employment influences one's__________.
A．achievements at work.
B．performance at work.
C．career options.
D．attitude toward work.
39、The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.
A．his marriage with the daughter of the president.
B．the close link between him and his company.
C．his willingness to work overtime.
D．his active participation in quality control,
40、The passage mainly discusses__________.
A．how lifetime employment works in Japan.
B．what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.
C．what lifetime employment is.
D．how lifetime employment is viewed.
41、回答41-55题：
Dreams of Flight
The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself．According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly．He and his son had been kept on an island．In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (2) into which he stuck bird feathers．During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax．He was drowned in the sea．The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.
There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century
B．
C．, used wings to fly．But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death．The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone．It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.
The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century．He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water．Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight．He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres (空心球)．ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter (直径) and made of very thin copper．But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.
After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped (摆动) their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same．So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented．Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines．It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed - man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.
How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?
A．He killed the guards and got out of the island.
B．A god came to rescue him and took him away.
C．His son came to rescue him and took him away.
D．He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.
42、According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.
A．he flew too far.
B．he flew too high.
C．he fell to the ground,
D．he was hit by a stone.
43、The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.
A．a Greek.
B．an Englishman.
C．a Chinese.
D．an Italian.
44、The priest failed to build the boat because__________.
A．he could not raise enough money.
B．his design was not scientific.
C．he could not find enough copper.
D．copper spheres could not be made as designed
45、According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.
A．he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.
B．he knew nothing about the movement of the air.
C．they were made of heavy metal.
D．they were made of light feathers.
手机网站