2014年职称英语考试《综合类B级》冲刺试卷(一)
2014-03-20来源:和谐英语
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下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Americans Get Touchy
The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What's up!" to the handshake or high-five2. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".
Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There's the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There's the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.
As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren't as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Willkids who don't receive hugs feel left Out3? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?
In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head has created a three-second limitation4 for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.
A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.
In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region.
Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.
Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in some countries like Turkey, it's not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing nosestogether.
So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello,and Americans are just now joining in.
The word "practically" in the first paragraph could be best replaced by
A．certainly
B．nearly
C．actively
D．voluntarily
32、Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past?
A．hands off "What's up"
B．handshake
C．high-five
D．embrace
33、Some parents, teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for the following reasons EXCEPT:
A．Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.
B．Those who don't receive hugs feel left out.
C．There's the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.
D．Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.
34、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.
B．Although some adults worry about the trend, few measures have been taken to ban on it.
C．Traditionally, the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.
D．In some countries, it's usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek.
35、We can infer that the author holds a attitude toward the new trend of hugging.
A．positive
B．negative
C．indifferent
D．conservative
36、回答36-50题：
The Operation of International Airlines
International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair1 would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink2.
Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return, They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.
High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.
Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch--the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night's sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.
The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.
Although it is the airlines' intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler--the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.
According to the passage, in operating airlines it is essential to
A．keep in mind the need of the executives only.
B．satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.
C．try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.
D．cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.
37、The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hard time EXCEPT that
A．the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.
B．there is no increase in the number of passengers.
C．there are more seats on the planes than needed.
D．the competition between airlines is strong.
38、The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPT
A．making their seats more comfortable.
B．providing better food during flights.
C．showing more movies during the long flights.
D．offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.
39、There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to
A．making sure the departures are not delayed.
B．the efficient handling of luggage.
C．speeding up customs procedure.
D．the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.
40、Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?
A．They do not book their seats in advance.
B．They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.
C．They do not travel on the flight they have booked.
D．They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
41、回答41-55题:
Quality Education
A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the wodd's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 20157 The answer is definitely "yes", although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.
Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.
In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can______
A．free countries from foreign rules.
B．speed up social progress.
C．give people freedom.
D．liberate people from any exploitation.
42、Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to______ by 2015.
A．get all the world's children to complete primary school
B．enroll all the world's children into primary school
C．give quality education to people of 88 countries
D．support those committed to transforming their education systems
43、_____ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.
A．32
B．59
C．29
D．88
44、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?
A．Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B．Improving the quality of education.
C．Using information technologies.
D．Building more primary schools.
45、As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid______
A．may not be highly effective.
B．is provided only when some criteria are met.
C．alone makes development possible.
D．is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind.
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Americans Get Touchy
The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What's up!" to the handshake or high-five2. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".
Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There's the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There's the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.
As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren't as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Willkids who don't receive hugs feel left Out3? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?
In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head has created a three-second limitation4 for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.
A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.
In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region.
Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.
Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in some countries like Turkey, it's not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing nosestogether.
So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello,and Americans are just now joining in.
The word "practically" in the first paragraph could be best replaced by
A．certainly
B．nearly
C．actively
D．voluntarily
32、Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past?
A．hands off "What's up"
B．handshake
C．high-five
D．embrace
33、Some parents, teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for the following reasons EXCEPT:
A．Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.
B．Those who don't receive hugs feel left out.
C．There's the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.
D．Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.
34、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.
B．Although some adults worry about the trend, few measures have been taken to ban on it.
C．Traditionally, the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.
D．In some countries, it's usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek.
35、We can infer that the author holds a attitude toward the new trend of hugging.
A．positive
B．negative
C．indifferent
D．conservative
36、回答36-50题：
The Operation of International Airlines
International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair1 would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink2.
Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return, They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.
High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.
Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch--the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night's sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.
The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.
Although it is the airlines' intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler--the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.
According to the passage, in operating airlines it is essential to
A．keep in mind the need of the executives only.
B．satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.
C．try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.
D．cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.
37、The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hard time EXCEPT that
A．the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.
B．there is no increase in the number of passengers.
C．there are more seats on the planes than needed.
D．the competition between airlines is strong.
38、The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPT
A．making their seats more comfortable.
B．providing better food during flights.
C．showing more movies during the long flights.
D．offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.
39、There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to
A．making sure the departures are not delayed.
B．the efficient handling of luggage.
C．speeding up customs procedure.
D．the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.
40、Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?
A．They do not book their seats in advance.
B．They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.
C．They do not travel on the flight they have booked.
D．They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
41、回答41-55题:
Quality Education
A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the wodd's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 20157 The answer is definitely "yes", although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.
Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.
In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can______
A．free countries from foreign rules.
B．speed up social progress.
C．give people freedom.
D．liberate people from any exploitation.
42、Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to______ by 2015.
A．get all the world's children to complete primary school
B．enroll all the world's children into primary school
C．give quality education to people of 88 countries
D．support those committed to transforming their education systems
43、_____ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.
A．32
B．59
C．29
D．88
44、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?
A．Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B．Improving the quality of education.
C．Using information technologies.
D．Building more primary schools.
45、As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid______
A．may not be highly effective.
B．is provided only when some criteria are met.
C．alone makes development possible.
D．is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind.
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