2014年职称英语(卫生类)教材概括大意文章及练习(12)

Ginseng Shows Benefit in Cancer Treatment

　　1. Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, US researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine1.

　　2. The studies reflect doctors’ efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. 2 Americans spend between $ 36 billion and $47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics3. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harmt4” said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinica Oncology5.

　　3. In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed’s role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. “The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,”said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO. “I think this is fascinating.” Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. “We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,” said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke’s School of Nursing, who led the study.

　　4. Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the researchers looked at the men’s tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied. The cancer ceils in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group6.

　　5. But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. “It’s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,” she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.

　　6. In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different doses of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-rug dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better” or “much better.” Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powdered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldn’t have predicted this, I have to admit,” Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this on a large scale7.”

　　7. The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.

　　词汇：

　　ginseng 人参 flaxseed 亚麻籽

　　prostate 前列腺的 tumo(u)r 肿瘤

　　rigorous 严格的，严密地，精密的 complementary 补充的

　　therapy 疗法，治疗 compound 混合物;化合物;复合物

　　panel 小组;小组讨论;小组委员会

　　oncology 肿瘤学 oncologist 肿瘤学家

　　president-elect 当选(尚未就职的)总统、主席

　　lignin 木素，木质素 nutrient 营养的;营养物

　　profile 侧面，轮廓 prescribe 开处方

　　biber 纤维 protective 保护性的

　　dose (一次)剂量 placebo 安慰剂，安慰剂治疗

　　fatigue 疲劳 potency 药物的效能和效力

　　symptom 症状 capsule 胶囊

　　注释：

　　1.two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine：两份最重要的严格对替代药物的科学观察报告。这里first不是数词，而是形容词，意为“最重要的，第一流的”‘而medicine当“药物”解时，指的是“内服药物”。

　　2.The studies reflect doctors’ efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help这些研究反映了医生想努力去探究病人平时所食用的食物和添加剂有些什么利弊，然而医生们想要帮助他们却拿不出多少科学根据。本句中with little scientific proof they help是patients的定于从句，省略了关系代词whom;they指医生;with的介词短语中要特别注意little这个词，它单独使用时是个否定词，等于not much(a littel则是肯定词，等于some)。

　　3.National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS)：全国卫生统计中心

　　4.do sb good/harm：给(某人)带来好处/害处

　　5.American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO)：美国临床肿瘤学会

　　6.control group ：对照组，参照组

　　7.on a large scale：大规模地

　　8.National Insitutes of Health(NIH)：国立卫生研究院

　　9.US Public Health Service(USPHS)：美国公共卫生署

　　练习：

　　1. Paragraph 2______.

　　2. Paragraph 4______.

　　3. Paragraph 5______.

　　4. Paragraph 6______.

　　A The Motivation of Flaxseed study

　　B The study on Ginseng Displays Its Good Promise

　　C The Doctors' Responsibility Led Them to Carry Out These Two Studies

　　D Ginseng Is As Good to Cancer Patients As Flax seed

　　E The Methods and Results of the study on Flax- seed

　　F A different opinion on the use of flaxseed

　　5. Doctors in the US wanted to know______.

　　6. Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show______.

　　7. It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed______.

　　8. In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng______.

　　A that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study it

　　B by giving different doses of the herb to patients with different cancers

　　C whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not

　　D though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines

　　E that either of them is beneficial to cancer patients

　　F because we still have to see if flaxseed can prvent prosate caancer