2014年职称英语(卫生类)教材概括大意文章及练习(13)

　　Ward off Travel Bugs
　　1 As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn2. With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.
　　2 You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria3, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to4 poisoning brought on5 by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.
　　3 By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.6 The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.
　　4 In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. If you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. However，if you detect diarrhea early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.
　　5 Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel7 can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses，allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. When you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract8, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti- parasitic，anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.
　　6 Your flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint oil and ginger capsules9 ward off motion sickness，but a more delicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger. If you tend to get earache on take-off and landing，you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.
　　7 The greatest concern is “economy class syndrome”, the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. To reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol.
　　8 You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin10. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.
　　9 Finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.
　　词汇：
　　bug 臭虫;病菌;病毒 diarrhea 腹泻
　　taint感染;污染 pancreatic 胰腺的
　　antibiotic 抗生素 option 选择
　　jet lag (跨时区高速飞行后)生理节奏的破坏，飞行时差反应
　　anti-parasitic 抗寄生虫的 anti-fungal 抗真菌的，杀真菌的
　　nibble一点点地咬下 pathogenic 病原的;致病的;发病的
　　thrombosis 血栓 anti-viral 抗病毒的 hydrate 保持水分
　　注释：
　　1.ward off ：避开;防止
　　2.As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn.：随着假日的临近，由于高空飞行时差引起的生理不适、胃痛或日光灼烧等潜在问题也接踵而至。第二个分句是由so引导的倒装句。例如：“He is a doctor. ” “So am I.”
　　3.lactobacillus and bifidobacteria：乳(酸)杆菌和双歧杆菌
　　4.succumb to：屈服，屈从
　　5.bring on：引起，导致
　　6.By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.：通过改善消化道内的细菌平衡，你就可以排出致病细菌，使它们没有立足之地。crowd out：驱赶出。
　　7.silicol gel：偏磷酸酪蛋白氧化硅胶
　　8.grapefruit-seed extract：葡萄轩榨汁
　　9.peppermint oil and ginger capsules：薄荷油和生姜胶囊。medicine —般指内服药(包括液体药剂，例如可以说a drop of medicine)，pill指小的丸粒，tablet指药片，但有时medicine可代表药品的总称。
　　10.bioflavonoid quercetin：生物类黄酮槲皮素
　　练习：
　　1.Paragraph 1 ________.
　　2.Paragraph 4 ________.
　　3.Paragraph 5 ________.
　　4.Paragraph 6 ________.
　　A　Basics of What to Eat and Drink
　　B　Medicine Against Bacteria and Viruses
　　C　Avoiding Holiday Troubles
　　D　Basics of Having a Pleasant Flight
　　E　A Teaspoonful of Helpful Silicol
　　F　Preparations Against Food Poisoning
　　5.Food-poisoning may pose a problem ________.
　　6.Special earplugs can make you feel better ________.
　　7.It is important to drink a lot of water ________.
　　8.Don’t forget to bring necessary medicine ________.
　　A　when your plane is about to land
　　B　when you are taking tablets
　　C　when you suffer from food-poisoning
　　D　when you are travelling
　　E　when you are packing for your tour
　　F　when you are having a cold