2014年职称英语(卫生类)教材阅读理解文章及练习(4)

　　Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women
　　A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were bom too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are bom with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are bom in developing countries.
　　The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.
　　The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine,3 Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HTV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.
　　The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies bom to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being bom too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.
　　词汇：
　　multivitamin/,m?lti'vit?min/ n.多种维生素制剂
　　urge /'??d?/ v.他极力主张;强烈要求;敦促
　　pregnant /'pregn?nt/ adj.怀孕的,妊娠的
　　Tanzania /,t?nz?'ni?; ,tɑ:nzɑ:'ni:ɑ:/ n.坦桑尼亚(非洲国家)
　　diabetes/,da??'bi?ti?z/ n.糖尿病,多尿症
　　Dar es Salaam /'dɑ:r,ess?'lɑ:m/ n.达累斯萨拉姆(坦桑尼亚首都)
　　folate /'f??le?t/ n.叶酸盐
　　注释：
　　1.World Health Organization (WHO):世界卫生组织
　　2.along with：与……一起
　　3.New England Journal of Medicine:《新英格兰医学杂志》。New England是美国东北六州(Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和Connecticut)的总称。
　　4.Harvard University School of Public Health:哈佛大学公共卫生学院
　　5.(be)infected with:感染上
　　练习：
　　1.How many babies are bom with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?
　　A. 20,000,000.
　　B. 18,000,000.
　　C. 2,000,000.
　　D. 38,000,000.
　　2.A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT
　　A. all vitamins in the B group.
　　B. vitamins C and E.
　　C. much iron and folate.
　　D. antiviral substances.
　　3.Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?
　　A. To reduce the rate of babies bom too early.
　　B. To reduce the risk of low birth weight.
　　C. To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HTV.
　　D. To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers’ blood.
　　4.What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?
　　A. To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.
　　B. To raise the body’s immunity against infection.
　　C. To help prevent the development of heart disease.
　　D. To help prevent the development of diabetes.
　　5.How many percent of babies were bom with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?
　　A. Less than 8%.
　　B. About 9.5%.
　　C. L 5%.
　　D 17.5%.