2014年职称英语(卫生类)教材阅读理解文章及练习(14)

　　Dreams
　　Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.1 In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.2 A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.3
　　Two clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state，called NREM-sleep (non- rapid-eye-movement sleep)，occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.4 The second type of sleep, known as REM-sleep (rapid-eye-movement sleep) occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the night's sleep (as much as 50 percent in a newborn child). Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.5 Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a REM-period. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep，these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.6
　　Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.7 In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.8 If dreams express important wishes， fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a person's mental functioningg.
　　词汇：
　　visual 视力的，视觉的 integrate 使成一体，使结合，使合并
　　auditory 听的，听觉的 percentage 百分比，百分率
　　distinguishable 区别得出的，可以辨明的
　　symbolize 作为……的象征，象征
　　cyclically 循环地，周期性地 conscious 意识到的，自觉的，感到的
　　interval 间隔，间距，间隙
　　logical 符合逻辑的，有逻辑头脑的;逻辑上的，逻辑学的
　　interpretation 解释，说明，阐明
　　previously 以前的，先前的，前的，先的
　　注释：
　　1.Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.研究表明，在梦里人 们是在看、在听而不是在想。 、
　　2.In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.就感官而 言，在几乎所有的梦中都有视觉体验;听觉体验占40%?50% ;触觉、味觉、嗅觉和痛觉所占 比例相对较小。短语in terms of意为“从……方面(说来)，，。
　　3. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.(梦中)一般有相当程度的情绪表现，通常是一种诸如恐惧、愤怒或欢 喜等纯粹和单一的情绪。
　　4.The first state, called NREM-sleep (non-rapid-eye-movement sleep), occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.第一种状态称作NREM睡眠(非急速目移睡眠)，它占睡眠时间的大部 分。这时，人的脉搏相对较慢，血压相对较低，醒来后也很少或者不说自己做了梦。be associated with意思是“与 有联系”。
　　5.Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.有证据表明一段梦境 通常延续5?20分钟。
　　6.Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.虽然有一些人或许说在他们NREM睡鹾中有思维活动，但是这种活 动通常是类似思维的断断续续的小片段而巳。
　　7.Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.现代对梦的研究在如何对梦的内容做一般解释方面有两种集中的看法。
　　8.In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.另一种观点认为，梦是用图像语言象征真实意义，这种图像语言和有意识的逻辑思维有所区别。
　　9. the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a person's mental functioning ：对梦的研究分析有助于揭示以往所未知的人的思维功能的方面
　　练习：
　　1.There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream：
　　A one, we “see" our dreams, and two, we "think" our dreams.
　　B one, we are happy, and two, we are angry.
　　C one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking.
　　D we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements, and two, we have rapid eye movements.
　　2.According to this article, we
　　A often think seriously when we are dreaming.
　　B hardly ever hear music when we are dreaming.
　　C very often feel something tastes good when we are dreaming.
　　D almost always see different "pictures" when we are dreaming.
　　3.In your dreams, you
　　A very often feel happy and unhappy at the same time.
　　B always feel that you are afraid of somebody.
　　C seldom feel fear now and joy later.
　　D only feel anger.
　　4.This essay tells us that
　　A people usually dream in a NREM sleep.
　　B people usually dream in an REM sleep.
　　C people always remember what they have dreamed in an REM sleep.
　　D people may have an REM sleep all night through.
　　5. Based on what is discussed in this writing，an adult may have at most about of the time of his or her sleep dreaming.
　　A 90%
　　B 50%
　　C 25%
　　D 20%