2014年职称英语(卫生类)教材阅读理解文章及练习(15)

　　Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay
　　Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，new study findings suggest. In an experiment that.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.
　　The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style”5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.
　　"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus，，’ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “ And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. ”
　　Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less Susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
　　For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy，tense and hostile had a negative style.
　　The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
　　词汇：
　　bay 绝境，穷途末路 catch 感染到
　　flu 流行性感冒 trait 特质;特征
　　virus 病毒 perceive 发觉，觉察;理解
　　disposition 本性，性情 energetic 精力充沛的，精神饱满的
　　psychosomatic 心身的，身心的 easy-going 随和的
　　boost 提高，举起 tense 紧张的
　　scratchy 刺痛的，使人发痒的 hostile 敌意的
　　nasal 鼻的 runny 流黏液的 ache 疼痛，酸痛
　　Pittsburgh 匹兹堡 sneeze 打喷嚏
　　congestion 充血 colleague 同事 mucus 黏液
　　susceptible 易感的，敏感的 woe 痛苦，苦恼;灾难，苦头
　　注释：
　　1.Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay:情绪乐观的人不易患感冒。warm people 原意是 “热心肠的人，情绪高昂的人” ,keep/hold.. at bay是“使……走投无路，不使……接近”的意 思，因此本题目如果直译则是“情绪高昂的人可能让感冒不能得逞”或“情绪高昂的人可能 远离感冒”或“情绪高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外”。
　　2.staying positive:保持积极向上(的情绪)
　　3.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus:使健康的志愿者接触感冒(病毒)或流感病 毒。expose原意是“使暴露，使面临”，这里expose sb. to sth.是“使……接触……”的意思。
　　4.sunny disposition:乐观开朗的个性
　　5.positive emotional style:乐观情绪型，情绪积极型
　　6.scratchy throat ：嗓子痛
　　7.susceptible to:对……敏感的，容易受到……影响的
　　8.as to:关于，至于
　　练习：
　　1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think
　　A that their illness is very serious.
　　B that their illness is not so serious.
　　C that they do not get any illness at all.
　　D that the illness they get is not a mild one.
　　2.People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
　　A happy.
　　B selfish.
　　C easy-going.
　　D energetic.
　　3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have?
　　A Hostile.
　　B Unhappy.
　　C Warm-blooded.
　　D Tense.
　　4. How did the researchers test their volunteers?
　　A By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.
　　B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.
　　C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.
　　D By investigating everyone's characteristics, interests and hobbies.
　　5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?
　　A Mucus production.
　　B Aches and pains.
　　C Sneezing or congestion.
　　D Blood test.