2019年6月大学英语四级模拟真题（含答案）（7）

   PartⅠ Writing　（答题时间30分钟）
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title ON Friendship.Remember to write your composition neatly.You should also base your composition on the outline below.
　　1.The need for friends
　　2.True friendship
　　3.My principle in making friends
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
 
   PartⅢ reading comprehension（答题时间共40分钟）
   Section A　
　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.
　　Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
　　Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several 　(26)　 parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural 　(27) . Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to (28) to "England" because their inhabitants are not (29) "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is (30) to the others.
　　These cultural minorities (少数名族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to (31) their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the (32) areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the (33) of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather (34) about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (35) as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
　　A) incomprehensible
　　B) temper
　　C) remote
　　D) separate
　　E) understandable
　　F) forget
　　G) generally
　　H) temperament
　　I) preserve
　　J) strictly
　　K) traditions
　　L) reserve
　　M) growth
　　N) apply
　　O) belong　

　　Section B
　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
　　Endangered Peoples
　　A) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world's native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe .Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.
　　B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.
　　C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.
　　D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves~ he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents' values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the people's cries are the same: "Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?"
　　E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: "Where are they? Where did they go? "He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.
　　F) The Gwich'in are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich'in remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich'in.
　　G) One Gwich'in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: "As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!"
　　H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich' in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich'in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich' in woman describes the situation in these words: "Oil development threatens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever."
　　I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (驳回，打消) the fears of the Gwich'in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich' in, however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.
　　J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.
　　K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.
　　L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world. A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened .Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war.
　　36. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.
　　37. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.
　　38. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.
　　39. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.
　　40. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.
　　41. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.
　　42. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the  rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.
　　43. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization .would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.
　　44. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups.
　　45. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away.

　　Section C
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
　　Like fine food，good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last.And good writers，like good cooks，do not suddenly appear full-blown.Quite the opposite，just as the cook has to undergo a particular training，mastering the skills of his trade，the writer must sit at hisdesk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing，whatever its purpose is—schoolwork，matters of business，or purely social communication.
　　You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort，the more effective the writing，and the more rewarding.
　　There are still some faraway places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you，for money. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service ofthat rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from.But for most of us，if there is any writing to be done，we have to do it ourselves.
　　We have to write school papers，business papers or home papers.We are  constantly called on to put words to papers.It would be difficult to count the number of such words，messages，letters，and reports put intomails or delivered by hand，but the daily figures must be extremely large.What is more，everyone who writes expects，or at least hopes whatever he writes will be read，from first word to last，not just thrown into some “letters-to-be-read” files or into a wastepaper basket.This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting，effective writing.
　　Choose correct answers to the question：
　　46.In this passage，good writing is compared to fine food in that _______.
　　A.both writers and cooks have to work a long time every day
　　B.both are essential to life
　　C.both are writers and cooks can earn a good living
　　D.both are enjoyable
　　47.A public “scribe” (Para 2，Line 1) is _____.
　　A.a secretary who does your business or social writing
　　B.a machine that does writing for you
　　C.a public school where writing is taught
　　D.a person who ears a living by writing for others
　　48.According to the passage，some managers don‘t have to do any letter writing because _____.
　　A.they rely on quick notes C.they have a computer to do it
　　B.they have excellent secretaries D.they prefer making phone calls
　　49.According to the author，if your letter is thrown into some “letter-to-be-read” file，______.
　　A.it will receive immediate attention
　　B.it will be dealt with by the secretary
　　C.it is likely to be neglected
　　D.it is meant to be delivered soon
　　50.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.
　　A.to explain and persuade
　　B.to comment and criticize
　　C.to interest and entertain
　　D.to argue and demonstrate　

　　Passage Two
　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
　　On average，American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school，eight hours more that they did in 1981.They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞)。Involvement in sports，in particular，rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997：boys now spendan average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log hall that time. All in all，however，children‘sleisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%
　　“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents” says Sandra Hofferth，who headed the recent study of children‘s timetable.A chief reason，she says，is that more mothers are working outside the home.Nevertheless，children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” householdsspent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively.In contrast，children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)
　　All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids.“Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself，” says T. Berry Brazelton，professor at Harvard Medical School Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships withtheir peers，but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
　　The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television.But that，believe it or not，was one of the findings parents might regard as good news.If they‘re spending less time in front of the TV set，however，kids aren’t replacing it with reading.Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books，the children spent just over an hour a week reading.Let‘s face it，who’s got the time?
　　Choose correct answers to the question：
　　51. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1，Para.2) Sandra Hofferth means ________.
　　A.children have little time to play with their parents
　　B.children are not taken good care of by their working parents
　　C.both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time
　　D.both parents and children have trouble managing their time
　　52.According to the author，the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ________.
　　A.quite convincing
　　B.partially true
　　C.totally groundless
　　D.rather confusing
　　53.According to the author a child develops better if ________.
　　A.he has plenty of time reading and studying
　　B.he is left to play with his peers in his own way
　　C.he has more time participating in school activities
　　D.he is free to interact with his working parents
　　54.The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ________.
　　A.are engaged in more and more structured activities
　　B.are increasingly neglected by their working mothers
　　C.are spending more and more time watching TV
　　D.are involved less and less in household work
　　55.We can infer from the passage that ________.
　　A.extracurricular activities promote children‘s intelligence
　　B.most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off
　　C.efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful
　　D.most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children

　　Part IV Translation ( 答题时间30分钟 )
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
　　气功(Qigong)是中国文化的杰出遗产(legacy)，也是传统中医的一个重要组成部分。它是以调心、调息、调身为手段的身心锻炼方法。气功能解乏并改善睡眠质量，从而提高工作效率。因此，在当代中国气功仍然很流行。气功分为医疗气功(healing Qigong)和健身气功(fitness Qigong两类：医疗气功用于治疗身体疾病;健身气功主要用于强健体魄，延缓衰老。越来越多的外国人加入练气功的行列。