语法指导：四六级语法题考点经典总结

　　(3)非谓语动词的否定形式
　　not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。
　　(4) 独立成分
　　有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:
　　generally speaking, judging from……, to tell the truth……, 等。
　　5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择
　　做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：
　　① they are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1)
　　a. install 　　b. to install 　　c. to be installed 　　d. installed
　　② after a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory
　　dispute ______.(1998.6)
　　a. being settled 　　b. to be settled 　　c. had settled 　　d. as settled
　　③ you will see this product ____ wherever you go.(2000.6)
　　a. to be advertised 　　b. advertised 　　c. advertise 　　d. advertising
　　④ his remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.(1999.6)
　　a. wondered 　　b. wonder 　　c. to wonder 　　d. wondering
　　⑤ when i caught him ______ me i stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(1997.1)
　　a. cheating 　　b. cheat 　　c. to cheat 　　d. to be cheating
　　⑥ the sale usually takes place outside the house, with the
　　audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.(2000.1)
　　a. having seated 　　b. seating 　　c. seated　　 d. having been seated
　　考查涉及到
　　感官动词后的宾语补足语，如③。
　　have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。
　　regard类后面的宾语补足语
　　with独立分句后面的
　　常用动词后面的宾语补足语。
　　6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择
　　表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：
　　① the house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the
　　mountain.(1999.6)
　　a. isolated 　　b. isolating 　　c. being isolated 　　d. having been isolated
　　② these surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6)
　　a. unrecorded 　　b. to be unrecorded 　　c. unrecording 　　d. to have been unrecorded
　　分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
　　7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
　　to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：
　　① i have no objection _______ your story again.(2000.6)
　　a. to hear 　　b. to hearing 　　c. to having heard 　　d. to have heard
　　② the traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.(1996.6)
　　a. to dealing 　　b. in dealing 　　c. dealing 　　d. to deal
　　③ the man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager
　　of the company.(1997.6)
　　a. have told 　　b. be told 　　c. being told 　　d. having told
　　这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如③。
　　8) 分词前连词的使用
　　分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况
　　(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式
　　michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.(1995.1)
　　a. scolding 　　b. to scold 　　c. having scolded 　　d. scolded
　　when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是b，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是d。
　　(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词
　　careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of
　　patient do not take drugs ___ directed.(1996.1)
　　a. like 　　b. so 　　c. which 　　d. as
　　由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。