英语四级词汇基础提高讲义

　　第一部分：大学英语四级机考介绍

　　第二部分：词汇基础
　　一、单词记忆方法
　　1.遗忘发生的规律：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线图
　　2.及时复习记忆单词
　　3.遗忘的原因：干扰(interference)还是消退(decay)?
　　前摄抑制与倒摄抑制
　　4.黑白记忆法
　　5.利用构词法提高记忆效率
　　6.少食多餐
　　7.联想记忆
　　8.集中强化学习英语的作用
　　Give a man a fish and he eats for a day.
　　Teach him how to fish and he eats for a lifetime.
　　二、单词的辐射作用
　　一)单词在写作中的作用
　　Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags
　　1) 一次性塑料袋曾广为使用
　　2) 由此带来的问题
　　3) 限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义
　　A serious problem our country has been faced with is the widespread use of disposable plastic bags in the past. These bags could be seen everywhere, from restaurants to department stores, and from university campuses to school children’s playgrounds.
　　It goes without saying that these bags have brought about a wide variety of problems. In the first place, they pollute our environment because, as everyone knows, it takes the bags hundreds of years to disintegrate. Meanwhile, they emit dangerous gases when burned. In the second place, it is a huge waste if we do not use these bags again. This goes against the grains of “sustainable development”. Last but not least, these bags make our cities dirty, which is the reason why they are called “white pollution”.
　　 We can benefit a lot from limiting the use of these bags. First of all, a lot of natural resources will be saved if fewer plastic bags are used. Furthermore, our environment will be made much more beautiful, which can help us to build a “harmonious society”.
　　 The Digital Age
　　 1) 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如……
　　 2) 数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和生活产生的影响。
　　 Nowadays, digital products are enjoying growing popularity among people. Take my own daily routine as an example. The first thing I do right after waking up is turn on my cell phone to see if there’s any new message. Then I turn on my computer to keep myself informed of the latest news. On my way to school, I listen to music on my iPod. At the end of the day, hardly have I got back to dormitory when I turn on my computer again to surf the internet.
　　 Why are we so fond of those digital products which we didn’t possess one of two decades ago? The answer is simple—they are doing us good; they are making our lives comfortable and convenient. As I have mentioned, the internet provides us with latest news much faster than newspapers; likewise, cell phone provides us with a convenient means to talk to the person we want wherever we are. To draw a conclusion, comfort and convenience, the two key words characterizing the trend of new inventions of modern times, are the main reasons for the wide-use of digital products.
　　 二)单词在阅读中的作用
　　 Section A
　　 Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _____1_____ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _____2_____ to a little college French.
　　 I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _____3_____ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _____4_____ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _____5_____ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment.
　　 There were some bad _____6_____. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even _____7_____ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.
　　 The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _____8_____. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.
　　 I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _____9_____. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _____10_____ wonders.
　　 A) accomplish B) advanced C) balloon D) claim
　　 E) constantly F) declare G) interviews H) limited
　　 I) manufacture J) moments K) news L) reduced
　　 M) regret N) scary O) totally