英语四级词汇基础提高讲义

　　 英语单词构词法
　　 Example
　　 internationalization
　　 ↑
　　 internationalize
　　 ↑
　　 internationalist, internationalism←international→internationality, internationally
　　 ↑
　　 internationale←nation→nation-hood, nation-state, nation-wide
　　 ↓
　　 nationally, nationality←national→nationalize, nationalization, nationalism
　　 ↓
　　 nationalist
　　 ↓
　　 nationalistic
　　 ↓
　　 nationalistically
　　 1. Prefixes

　　 1) dis- (not, the opposite of) disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disappoint, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dishonest, dismay, disorder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, displease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate
　　 2) in- (not, in, into) inability, incorrect, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infection, infirm, injection, innate, insecurity, insider
　　 3) im- (not, in, into) impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse
　　 4) il- (not) illegal, illiterate, illogical
　　 5) ir- (not) irregular, irresponsible, irrespective
　　 6) un- (not) unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, unenlightened, unparalleled, unsustainable
　　 7) non- (not) nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense, nonspecialist
　　 8) mis- (wrong, wrongly) misjudge, misunderstand, mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse, misguided, misinformation
　　 9) de- (showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce) deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, devalue, decode, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent
　　 10) pre- (before, in advance) prefix, pre-historic, precaution, precede , preceding, preclude , predecessor , predict, predominant , preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature , premier , premise , premium , preparation, prepare, prepay, preside , president, presumably, presume , pretext , prevail, prevent, previous, prewar, prediction, pre-scientific, preconception
　　 11) ante-, (before, in advance) anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique
　　 12) fore- (in advance, before, in or at the front) forearm, forehead, foreman, foretell , foresee , forefather , foreleg, forerunner , fore , foremost, forecast, forewarn
　　 13) ex- (out, out of, former) ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile , exit, exotic , expand, expansion, expedition , expel , expend , expenditure , expense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition , exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, extra, extract
　　 14) post- (later than, after) postgraduate, postwar, postmeridian, postpone, postscript
　　 15) sub- (under, below, less important) sub, subject, subway, subtitle, subdivide, submarine , sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate , subscribe , subsection, subsequent, subsidiary , subsidy , substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb, subconsciously, subtly
　　 16) infra- (below in a range, beyond) infrastructure , infrared
　　 17) re- (again, back to a former state) react, reaction, recall, recede , receipt, recipient , reclaim , recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur , recycle , redundant , reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain , refresh, refreshment , refund , refute , reinforce, reject, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance , renew, repay , repeat, repeatedly, repel , repetition, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, repression , reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion , reuse, review, revise, revive, revolt, revolution, revolutionary, revolve, reward
　　 18) co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- (with together) co-existence, cooperate, cooperative , co-author, coalition , coherent , coincide , coincidence , collaboration , colleague, collide , collision, collocation, compassion, compassionate, concentric, confederation, conjoin, coordinate, correlate, correlation, correspond
　　 19) inter- (between, among) international, interchange, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact , interaction, intercourse , interface , interfere, interference, Internet, interrupt, interval, intervene
　　 20) macro- (large) macroeconomics , macrocosm , macrostructure
　　 21) micro- (extremely small) microcomputer, microeconomics , microscope, microphone, microelectronics, microbiologist
　　 22) super- (greater or more than) super, supermarket, supersonic , superman, superpower, supernatural, supervise , superb, superficial, superintendent , superior, superiority , supreme
　　 23) sur- (more than, beyond) surplus, surtax, surface, surpass , surround, survival, survive, suspect
　　 24) ultra- (beyond, very, too) ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet
　　 25) auto- (of or by oneself) auto, autocriticism, autoland, automobile, automation , automatic, autobiography , autonomous , autonomy
　　 26) mal- (bad, badly) malfunction, maltreat , malnutrition , malpractice
　　 27) tele- (at or over a long distance, by or for television) telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications , telescope, telescreen, teleswitch, televise
　　 28) semi-, hemi- (half) semicircle, semiconductor, semi-colony , semifinal, hemisphere
　　 29) uni-, mono- (one) uniform, unify , union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue , monoplane, monopoly , monotone, monotonous , carbon monoxide
　　 30) bi-, di- (two) biweekly, bicycle, bilateral , billion, bilingual, dialogue, carbon dioxide
　　 31) tri- (three) tricycle , triangle, triangular, trilogy , triple, trigonometry
　　 32) quadri-, quadru- (four) quadruple, quadrangle
　　 33) penta- (five) pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium
　　 34) hexa- (six) hexagon, hexangular
　　 35) sept- (seven) September, Sept-Wolves
　　 36) octa- (eight) octagon, octave, octopus, October
　　 37) nona- (nine) nonagon, November
　　 38) deci-, deca- (ten) decade, decimal
　　 39) centi- (hundredth part) centigrade, centimeter, centipede , century
　　 40) kilo- (thousand) kilo, kilometer, kilogram(me), kilowatt
　　 41) mill- (thousand) millennium , millimeter
　　 42) multi- (many) multipurpose, multinational, multiple, multiply, multitude, multiculturalism
　　 43) counter-, anti-, contra- (opposite, against) counteract, counterattack, counterclockwise, counterrevolutionary, antibiotic, antigravity, antimatter, antiwar, antinuclear, contradict, contradiction, contramissile, contranatural, contrary, contrast, anticonsumerism
　　 44) mini- (smallest, short) minibus, miniskirt, minimum, minister, minimize, ministry, minor, minority, minute
　　 45) max- (greatest) maximum, maximal , maximize
　　 46) out- (outside, beyond) outdo, outwit, outlive, outnumber, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts , outward, outcome, outer, outing , outline, outlook, output, outrage , outside
　　 47) over- (too much, above, additional) overwork, overuse, overtake, overpass , overthrow , overturn , overall, overdue , overhead, overhear , overlook, overseas, overtime
　　 48) trans- (across, on or to the other side of) transaction , transatlantic, transcend , transfer, transform, transistor , transit , transition , translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transmitter, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation
　　 49) under- (too little, below) underdeveloped, underdevelopment, underestimate, undergraduate, underground, underlie , underline, undersea, underlying , undermine , underneath, underwear
　　 50) neo- (new) neo-Nazism, neolithic
　　 51) be- (cause to be or have) befriend, belittle
　　 52) bio- (life) biology, biography , autobiography, antibiotic, biochemistry, biosphere, biomedical
　　 53) en- em- (cause to become, put into the stated condition) embody, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich, encompass, enthrone, entrench
　　 54) extra- (outside, beyond) extracurricular, extraordinary
　　 55) mid- (middle) midday, midnight
　　 56) poly- (many) polycentric, polydirectional, polysyllabic
　　 57) pseudo- (not real, false) pseudonym, pseudoscience
　　 58) thermo- (heat) thermochemistry, thermometer
　　 59) vice- (next in rank below) vice-chairman, vice-president
　　 60) aero- (air) aerial , aeroplane, aeronautics, aerospace
　　 61) cross- (across, going between the stated things and joining them) cross-country, crossbreed
　　 62) intra- (inside, within; into) intracity, intra-department, intranet
　　 63) pro- (in favor of, supporting) pro-America, pro-abortion
　　 64) self- (by means of oneself or itself, of, to; with, for or in oneself or itself) self-employed, self-taught
　　 65) step- (not by birth but through a parent who has remarried) stepmother, stepchildren
　　 66) by-, bye- (less important) by-product, byway
　　 67) a-, (on, in; not, without; intensive) aboard, abroad, ahead, ashore, aside, ashamed, awake, aware, abed, aflame; amoral, anarchy, anonymous, asocial, atom, apolitical, acentric; abide, alike, amaze, arise, arouse, await
　　 68) ab-, abs- (the opposite of, away from, off) abnormal, abrupt, absent, abstract, abuse, abortion