英语四级词汇基础提高讲义

　　 2. Suffixes
　　 Nouns
　　 1) –ant, -ent applicant, component, servant, student
　　 2) –er, -or, -ar employer, interviewer, trainer, painter, New Yorker, Northerner, lighter, cooker, conductor, beggar, arbiter, shipper
　　 3) –ee absentee, abandonee, employee, interviewee, trainee
　　 4) –eer engineer, pioneer
　　 5) –an, -ian, -arian historian, humanitarian, librarian, musician, Canadian
　　 6) –ese Chinese, Japanese
　　 7) –ist artist, Marxist, capitalist, creationist, extremist, futurologist, manicurist, neuroscientist, oncologist, purist
　　 8) –ism socialism, capitalism, mechanism, ableism, ageism, individualism, collectivism, creationism, optimism, pessimism
　　 9) -ability, -ibility ability, flexibility, availability, capability
　　 10) –age postage, shrinkage, wastage
　　 11) –al arrival, refusal, revival
　　 12) –ance, -ence appearance, reference
　　 13) –ancy, -ency emergency, expectancy, delinquency
　　 14) –cy accuracy, bankruptcy
　　 15) –dom freedom, kingdom, wisdom
　　 16) –ery bravery, cookery
　　 17) –ess actress, lioness
　　 18) –ette cigarette, novelette, cassette
　　 19) –ful handful, spoonful
　　 20) –hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood
　　 21) –ics economics, electronics, mechanics, physics, mathematics, politics
　　 22) –ion(-sion, -ssion -ition, -ation) decision, discussion, inflation, translation, action, correction, allegation, connotation, depletion, distortion, elimination, emulation, formulation, immunization, integration, manipulation, radiation, recitation, vaccination
　　 23) –ity, -ty reality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty, poverty, safety, municipality, triviality, affinity, diversity, ingenuity, maturity, mediocrity, mobility, sovereignty, timidity
　　 24) –ment movement, agreement, harassment, refinement
　　 25) –ness carelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness, inventiveness
　　 26) –ology futurology, geology, biology, musicology, psychology, anthropology, cosmology
　　 27) –ship hardship, friendship, sportsmanship, editorship
　　 28) –th birth, death, breadth, strength, truth
　　 29) -ure closure, exposure
　　 Adjectives
　　 30) –able, -ible acceptable, admissible, avoidable, eatable, countable, notable , suitable, variable, accessible, sizable, tangible, negotiable
　　 31) –al educational, additional, normal, natural, essential, detrimental, emotional, parental, patriarchal, promotional, spatial, surgical
　　 32) –an, -arian, -ian suburban, disciplinarian, Canadian, partisan
　　 33) –ant, -ent different, resultant
　　 34) –ary, -ory advisory, customary, complementary, parliamentary
　　 35) –ate considerate, fortunate, passionate
　　 36) –en golden, wooden, woolen
　　 37) –ern northern, southern
　　 38) –ese Chinese, Japanese
　　 39) –free carefree, troublefree
　　 40) –ful careful, painful
　　 41) –ic, -ical atomic, biological, economic, economical, historic, historical, classic, classical, scientific, medical, mechanic, mechanical, hypocritical, strategic, volcanic
　　 42) –ish selfish, childish, womanish, greenish, reddish, yellowish, Swedish, Danish
　　 43) –ive creative, decisive, supportive, adaptive, competitive, hyperactive, persuasive, pervasive, speculative
　　 44) –less useless, fruitless, boundless, groundless, hopeless, jobless
　　 45) –like childlike, ladylike
　　 46) –ly, –y, -ry manly, monthly, hairy, noisy, scary
　　 47) –ous, –ious, -uous, -eous various, continuous, courageous, courteous, harmonious
　　 48) –proof airproof, bulletproof, fireproof, waterproof
　　 49) –some tiresome, lonesome, quarrelsome, troublesome, worrisome
　　 50) –ward downward, homeward
　　 51) –ed purified, farfetched