名师辅导：英语六级作文写作中应少范错误

　　c.举例法：举例法也是最常用的展开方法。有些考题会明确指出要你举例说明，其实除了考你的英语写作能力，也是在考你平时是不是留心观察日常生活中一些社会现象和问题。如Haste makes waste，题目中明确指出“试举例说明”，你脑子里会出现什么事例呢?揠苗助长?我想很多人都会写这个，你有什么新鲜的?(你可以现在就想一想)再如：My view on the negative effects of some advertisements，要求之一是这些广告的副作用。对此你又能举出什么事例呢?所以这里还有一个诀窍就是，你可以多参加一些类似英语角的活动，因为在那里人们交流的内容都十分丰富，无形中会积累到观点和看法，还有一些你不知道的小故事和教训，这些都可以给你的写作提供丰富的素材。关于举例法，我看过一篇很好的短文，它其实是通过自己的一段亲身经历，了解到一个人生的道理。现在拿出来与各位分享：

　　Things Are Not Always Black or White

　　When I was in elementary school, I got into a major argument with a boy in my class. I have forgotten what the argo-ment was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson I learned that day.

　　I was convinced that I was right and he was wrong and he was just as convinced that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a very important lesson. She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of the desk was a large, round object. I could clearly see that it was black. And she asked the boy what color the object was. “White,” he answered.

　　I couldn’ t believe he said the object was white, when it was obviously black! Another argumnent started between my classmate and me, this time about the color of the object.

　　The teacher told me to go and stand where the boy was standing and told him to come and stand where I was. We changed places, and now she asked me what the color of the object was. I had to answer, “white.” It was an object with two differently colored sides. At his side it was white but at my side it was black.

　　My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: you must stand in the other person’ s shoes and look at the situation through their eyes in order to truly understand their perspective.

　　这个故事很简单，但是当我开始准备写这篇东西的时候我很快就想起要把它用到这里。虽然它很简单，但很生动也挺感人，你可以把它当成一个人生小智慧去引用，也可以从另一个侧面去赞扬那些启迪智慧的园丁。这就取决于你是站在哪个角度看问题了——没有非黑即白的事情!不过在考试作文中，如果你要通过一个故事来说明道理，切记要把它写得既简单又明白，而且一定要写有代表性的事例。

　　D.概述法：一般用于先分后总的段落结构中，即先给出原因再写结果，或先列出现象再总结根源。它是就全文的布局而言的，一般概述性的文字都会出现在最后一段中，这在说明性的文章中比较多见。如下面这篇文章，题目是we need to broaden our knowledge，谈的是拓宽知识面的必要性。通常说明必要性的文章都会用分、总的展开方法。先谈科学技术是社会发展不可缺少的，然后指出社会科学和自然科学互相渗透，之后得出结论——现代大学生需要广博的知识。

　　We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge

　　Science and technology contributes a lot to the social development. Broadening our knowledge, we can use it to change our living environment, utilize natural resource, and create a beautiful and comfortable world for people to live in.

　　Both social science and natural science are important in our life. Man achieves social science through social life, which makes people know more about the society and themselves. It teaches people what the society should be and what they should do for the future.

　　As college students, we should learn as many kinds of knowledge as possible so that we can improve our life and society as well. Without rich knowledge, we can’t serve the society well. In order to meet the future needs, it is very important for us to learn more knowledge at the universities.

　　议论法其实是贯穿在各种体裁之中的，这里就不赘述了。前面三种方法在总、分、总的结构中运用较多，而且一般六级考试作文要求也是进行总、分、总的论述，这样更有条理性。概述法是相对来说比较偏重于归纳法的，这要根据不同的题目和要求来选择不同的展开方法。