英语六级考试高分得主经验谈：阅读理解(5)

　　二、主旨大意题 　　主要的命题方式有：

　　What's the subject of the passage?

　　The main idea(point)of the passage is______.

　　The suitable title for the passage might be_______.

　　主旨大意题一般有以下几种形式：

　　1.段落主旨题。这种段落的中心大意一般出现在这一段的第一句或最后一句，但有时也有几句话的综合，并不直接在某一句中体现。

　　2.全篇主旨题。这种题主要考对全文的中心大意的概括能力。有时中心意思在首段用主题句等方式表达出来，有时则在中段或尾段。有主题句的文章的其他各部分通常都紧密围绕主题句层层展开。一般在阅读文章的时候就应该对作者的中心大意有一个比较准确的理解，在前面所提到的勾画主题句可以很好的解决主旨型题型。

　　还有一点必须注意的是，在做完所有的题后，应该再重新考虑主旨题，看是否与其他各题有矛盾之处，如有，那么主旨题应该重新考虑答案。

　　Though they were not trained naturalists, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in their explorations of North American in the early nineteenth century came across enough unfamiliar birds, mammals, and reptiles to fill a zoo. In keeping with president Jefferson's orders, they took careful note of 122 species and subspecies that were unknown to science and in many eases native only to the West. Clark make sketches of any particularly intriguing creature. He and lewis also collected animal hides and horns and skins with such care that a few of them were still intact nearly two centuries later. While Lewis and Clark failed to meet the mythological monsters reputed to well in the West, they did unearth the bones of a 45 - foot dinosaur. Furthermore, some of the living beasts they did come upon, such as the woolly mountain goat and the grizzly bear were every bit as odd or as fearsome as any myth. In their collector's enthusiasm, they even floated aprairie dog out of its burrow by pouring in five barrelfuls of water,then shipped the frisky animal to Jefferson alive and yelping.

　　Q: What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　A) President Jefferson' s pets.

　　B) Collector's techniques for capturing wildlife.

　　C) Jobs for trained naturalists.

　　D) Record newly discovered species of animals.

　　正确答案为C)。原文要讲述Mefiwether Lewis和William Clark在19世纪早期在北美探险时发现的一些以前所不熟悉的鸟、哺乳动物及爬行动物等。这在原文开头提到了，接着具体叙述他们探险时遇到各种动物时的情况。这是典型的中心句在句首的情况。

　　三、逻辑关系题

　　这种题型的主要命题方式有：

　　From the passage we know that______.

　　The first sentence in the passage tells us that________.

　　1.句子之间的逻辑关系题。正确勾画出信号词对这种题非常有用。只要找到信号词，就可以把握句子之间到底是因果关系还是转折关系。但在更多情况下，逻辑关系并没有明显的标志词，这时一定要小心分析句子之间存在的隐形的逻辑关系。

　　2.文章各段之间的关系。文章各段落之间的逻辑关系通常都体现在段落的开头和结尾。找到前一段的最后一句与后一段的第一句之间的关系便成为解题的关键。一般段落之间的关系有时间先后顺序、平行列举关系、对比结构关系、因果关系等。因为为了使文章的结构严密，作者通常会使用一些表示次序、递进、转折等的过渡词，勾画出这些标志词可以方便理解段落之间的关系。

　　例如：

　　Shakespeare said that" some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. "So it is with leadership. Some men are born with capacity for leadership. Some acquire that art by watching and studying the actions of those around them. Other persons find themselves thrown into unusual situations which require them to draw on resources they never realized they had, and events bring out marked leadership. Most of us are never put to such tests. Most of us are not born leaders.

　　Q: At the beginning of the passage, Shakespeare's words are quoted

　　A)to make readers appreciate the writer's style

　　B)to show the writer's appreciation of Shakespeare's ideas

　　C) to stress the importance of good leadership

　　D)to help describe different kinds of leaders

　　“so it is”意思是“也一样”，看出这里是类比关系，表明莎士比亚的话同样适用对领导才能的描述。莎翁提到3种不同的人，那么领导人也有至少3种类型，由此可知，作者引述这句话的目的在于描绘不同类型的领导，故正确选项是D)。